Transient instruction changes migration The brain neocortex is built by waves of neurons migrating from deep within the brain to the surface layers. Ohtaka-Maruyama et al. found that a layer of neurons that multipolar neurons encounter on their travels instructs the migrating neurons to change phenotype and direction (see the Perspective by Schinder and Lanuza). These subplate neurons form transient glutamatergic synapses with the immature migrants. This results in the migrating multipolar neurons becoming bipolar, more directed, and faster in their final migrations. Science, this issue p. 313; see also p. 265 In the developing mouse neocortex, subplate neurons form transient synapses on immature migrating multipolar neurons. The neocortex exhibits a six-layered structure that is formed by radial migration of excitatory neurons, for which the multipolar-to-bipolar transition of immature migrating multipolar neurons is required. Here, we report that subplate neurons, one of the first neuron types born in the neocortex, manage the multipolar-to-bipolar transition of migrating neurons. By histochemical, imaging, and microarray analyses on the mouse embryonic cortex, we found that subplate neurons extend neurites toward the ventricular side of the subplate and form transient glutamatergic synapses on the multipolar neurons just below the subplate. NMDAR (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor)–mediated synaptic transmission from subplate neurons to multipolar neurons induces the multipolar-to-bipolar transition, leading to a change in migration mode from slow multipolar migration to faster radial glial-guided locomotion. Our data suggested that transient synapses formed on early immature neurons regulate radial migration.

中文翻译：

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来自亚板神经元的突触传递控制新皮质神经元的径向迁移

瞬时指令改变迁移大脑新皮层是由从大脑深处迁移到表层的神经元波构建的。Ohtaka-Maruyama 等人。发现多极神经元在旅行中遇到的一层神经元指示迁移的神经元改变表型和方向（参见 Schinder 和 Lanuza 的观点）。这些亚板神经元与未成熟的移民形成短暂的谷氨酸能突触。这导致迁移的多极神经元在它们的最终迁移中变成双极的、定向性更强且速度更快。科学，这个问题 p。第313话 另见第。265 在发育中的小鼠新皮层中，亚板神经元在未成熟迁移的多极神经元上形成瞬时突触。新皮质表现出由兴奋性神经元径向迁移形成的六层结构，为此需要未成熟迁移多极神经元的多极到双极转变。在这里，我们报告亚板神经元是新皮层中最早的神经元类型之一，它管理迁移神经元的多极到双极转换。通过对小鼠胚胎皮层的组织化学、成像和微阵列分析，我们发现亚板神经元向亚板的心室侧延伸神经突，并在亚板正下方的多极神经元上形成瞬时谷氨酸能突触。NMDAR（N-甲基-d-天冬氨酸受体）介导的从亚板神经元到多极神经元的突触传递诱导多极到双极的转变，导致迁移模式从缓慢的多极迁移转变为更快的径向胶质引导运动。