Continuous novelty as the basis for creative advance in rapidly developing different form-factor microelectronic devices requires seamless integrability of batteries. Thus, in the past decade, along with developments in battery materials, the focus has been shifting more and more towards innovative fabrication processes, unconventional configurations, and designs with multi-functional components. We present here, for the first time, a novel concept and feasibility study of a 3D-microbattery printed by fused-filament fabrication (FFF). The reversible electrochemical cycling of 3D printed lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium titanate (LTO) composite polymer electrodes vs. the lithium metal anode has been demonstrated in cells containing conventional non-aqueous and ionic-liquid electrolytes. We believe that by using comprehensively structured interlaced electrode networks it would be possible not only to fabricate free form-factor batteries but also to alleviate the continuous volume changes occurring during charge and discharge.

中文翻译：

---

迈向智能自由尺寸3D可打印电池

持续不断的新颖性是在快速开发不同外形尺寸的微电子设备中进行创新的基础，这需要电池的无缝集成。因此，在过去的十年中，随着电池材料的发展，重点逐渐转向了创新的制造工艺，非常规的配置以及具有多功能组件的设计。我们在这里首次展示通过熔丝制造（FFF）打印的3D微型电池的新颖概念和可行性研究。3D打印磷酸铁锂（LFP）和钛酸锂（LTO）复合聚合物电极的可逆电化学循环vs.锂金属阳极已在包含常规非水和离子液体电解质的电池中得到证明。我们相信，通过使用结构全面的交错式电极网络，不仅可以制造自由形状的电池，而且还可以减轻充放电期间不断发生的体积变化。