Although microextraction is much more efficient than conventional macroextraction, its practical application has been limited by low throughputs and difficulties in constructing robust countercurrent microextraction (CCME) systems. In this work, a robust CCME process was established based on a novel passive microextractor with four units without any moving parts. The passive microextractor has internal recirculation and can efficiently mix two immiscible liquids. The hydraulic characteristics as well as the extraction and back-extraction performance of the passive CCME were investigated experimentally. The recovery efficiencies of the passive CCME were 1.43–1.68 times larger than the best values achieved using cocurrent extraction. Furthermore, the total throughput of the passive CCME developed in this work was about one to three orders of magnitude higher than that of other passive CCME systems reported in the literature. Therefore, a robust CCME process with high throughputs has been successfully constructed, which may promote the application of passive CCME in a wide variety of fields.

中文翻译：

---

被动模式下的高通量逆流微萃取

尽管微萃取比常规的宏萃取高效得多，但其实际应用受到低通量和构造鲁棒逆流微萃取（CCME）系统的困难的限制。在这项工作中，基于具有四个没有任何运动部件的新型被动式微萃取器，建立了一个鲁棒的CCME工艺。被动式微萃取器具有内部再循环功能，可以有效地混合两种不混溶的液体。实验研究了被动CCME的水力特性以及萃取和反萃取性能。被动CCME的回收效率是使用并流萃取获得的最佳值的1.43-1.68倍。此外，这项工作中开发的无源CCME的总吞吐量比文献中报道的其他无源CCME系统高约1-3个数量级。因此，已经成功地构建了具有高通量的鲁棒CCME工艺，这可以促进无源CCME在广泛领域中的应用。