Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) thermal system is an efficient system for urban applications to convert a building to net zero energy buildings by utilizing solar insolation. In this study, HDKR/S (Hay, Davies, Klucher, Reindl/shadow) model is developed which is a modified HDKR model where influence of shadow is incorporated in the mathematical model. Four discrete rectangular buildings situated in four directions (North, South, East and West) around a BIPV thermal system are considered for creating adverse effect of shadow. Variation of width (B), storey height (H) and horizontal distance (D) of these surrounded buildings are taken into account for evaluating optimum tilt angle, insolation and performance of BIPV thermal system by introducing corresponding shadow effects. The performance of the system is adversely affected because of the presence of surrounded building located at close proximity i.e., due to higher influence of shading and sky view blocking effects.

建筑物集成光伏（BIPV）热系统是一种高效的系统，适用于城市应用，可通过利用日光照射将建筑物转换为零能耗的净建筑。在这项研究中，开发了HDKR / S（Hay，Davies，Klucher，Reindl / shadow）模型，该模型是修改后的HDKR模型，其中将阴影的影响纳入了数学模型。考虑到BIPV热系统周围四个方向（北，南，东和西）的四个离散矩形建筑物，以产生阴影的不利影响。宽度（B），层高（H）和水平距离（D）的变化通过引入相应的阴影效果，将这些包围的建筑物中的）考虑在内，以评估BIPV热系统的最佳倾斜角，日照和性能。该系统的性能会受到不利影响，因为周围有建筑物，这些建筑物都位于附近，也就是由于阴影和天空遮挡效果的影响更大。