Appropriate intake of micronutrient, such as electrolyte minerals is critical for the well-being of the cardiovascular health system. However, there are some debates regarding the impacts of dietary and/or supplemental intake of these minerals, on the risk of cardiovascular events and associated risk factors. High sodium intake is adversely associated with the risk of hypertension. Although many reports refered to the positive association of Na intake and cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, however, other studies indicated that low Na intake is related to higher risk of all-cause mortality and HF-related events. By contrast, dietary potassium, magnesium and calcium have an inverse correlation with cardiovascular events and risk factors, especially with blood pressure. There are some controversies about cardiovascular effects and all-cause mortality of high Ca intake, including no effect, preventive or adverse effect with or without vitamin D. Calcium supplementation might be beneficial for prevention of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality only in individuals with low intake. Moreover, calcium intake showed a J- or U-shaped association with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Due to the controversies of the effect of electrolyte minerals especially sodium and calcium intake on cardiovascular events, large scale, well-designed long-term randomized clinical trials are required to evaluate the effect of minerals intake on cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. In this review, we discuss the role of dietary and or supplemental sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, in cardiovascular health, as well as their clinical applications, benefits, and risks for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, in general population.

中文翻译：

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电解质矿物质的摄入与心血管健康

适当摄入微量营养素（例如电解质矿物质）对于心血管健康系统的健康至关重要。但是，关于这些矿物质的饮食和/或补充摄入对心血管事件和相关危险因素的影响存在一些争论。高钠摄入量与高血压风险成反比。尽管许多报告都提到了钠摄入量与心血管事件和全因死亡率之间的正相关关系，但是，其他研究表明，低钠摄入量与全因死亡率和HF相关事件的较高风险有关。相反，饮食中的钾，镁和钙与心血管事件和危险因素（尤其是与血压）呈负相关。关于高钙摄入量对心血管的影响和全因死亡率存在一些争议，包括无维生素D或无维生素D的无影响，预防或不良反应。补充钙可能仅对患有高钙摄入的个体有益于预防心血管事件和全因死亡率低摄入量。此外，钙的摄入与心血管疾病的风险呈J形或U形联系。由于电解质矿物质（尤其是钠和钙的摄入量）对心血管事件的影响存在争议，因此需要大规模，精心设计的长期随机临床试验来评估矿物质摄入对心血管事件和全因死亡率的影响。在这篇评论中，我们讨论饮食和补充钠，钾，镁，钙在心血管健康中的作用，