The use of n-butane expanded liquids (BXLs) as reaction media to enhance Co-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-octene has been successfully demonstrated. Both 1-octene as well as typical hydroformylation mixtures are volumetrically expanded by n-butane at typical hydroformylation conditions (∼50% expansion at 1.8 MPa of n-butane and 180 °C). By replacing up to 20% of the traditional solvent (toluene) in the reaction mixture with compressed n-butane, the TOF for Co-catalyzed 1-octene hydroformylation with triphenylphosphine ligand was enhanced by approximately 20% in the BXL system. The higher TOF in BXLs is attributed to the improved syngas availability in the pressure-tunable BXL phase compared to the traditional liquid phase. The main impediment to TOF enhancement is catalyst precipitation beyond a certain level of n-butane dissolution in the liquid phase. Hence, catalyst complexes that show improved solubility in the BXL phase are desirable to better harness the potential benefits offered by gas-expanded liquids.

中文翻译：

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钴基配合物在正丁烷膨胀溶剂中增强1-辛烯的加氢甲酰化

已成功地证明了使用正丁烷膨胀液体（B​​XLs）作为反应介质来增强Co催化1-辛烯的加氢甲酰化反应。两个1-辛烯以及典型的加氢甲酰化混合物体积由膨胀Ñ在典型羰基化条件-丁烷（以1.8〜50兆帕％的膨胀Ñ丁烷和180℃）。通过用压缩的n代替反应混合物中多达20％的传统溶剂（甲苯）-丁烷，与三苯基膦配体共催化的1-辛烯加氢甲酰化的TOF在BXL系统中提高了约20％。与传统液相相比，BXL中较高的TOF归因于压力可调BXL相中合成气利用率的提高。TOF提高的主要障碍是催化剂沉淀超过液相中一定水平的正丁烷溶解度。因此，期望在BXL相中显示出改善的溶解度的催化剂配合物，以更好地利用气体膨胀液体提供的潜在益处。