Despite heavy insulation, the unavoidable heat leak from the surroundings into an LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) storage tank causes boil-off-gas (BOG) generation. A comprehensive dynamic CFD simulation of an onshore full-scale LNG tank in a regasification terminal is presented. LNG is approximated as pure methane, the axisymmetric VOF (Volume of Fluid) model is used to track the vapour-liquid interface, and the Lee model is employed to account for the phase change including the effect of static pressure. An extensive investigation of the heat ingress magnitude, internal flow dynamics, and convective heat transfer gives useful insights on the boiling phenomena and a reliable quantification of the BOG. Surface evaporation is the governing boiling mechanism and nucleate boiling is unlikely with proper insulation. The critical wall superheat marking the transition from surface evaporation to nucleate boiling is estimated as 2.5–2.8 K for LNG.

尽管绝缘层很重，但不可避免的热量从周围环境泄漏到LNG（液化天然气）储罐中，会产生蒸发气体（BOG）。提出了在再气化码头的岸上大型LNG储罐的全面动态CFD模拟。LNG近似为纯甲烷，使用轴对称的VOF（流体体积）模型来跟踪蒸气-液体界面，并使用Lee模型来考虑相变，包括静压的影响。对热量进入量，内部流动动力学和对流换热的广泛研究为沸腾现象和BOG的可靠定量提供了有用的见解。表面蒸发是主要的沸腾机制，并且在适当的绝缘条件下不太可能发生核沸腾。