To bridge the gap between laboratory research and commercial applications, it is vital to develop scalable methods to produce large quantities of high-quality and solution-processable few-layer phosphorene (FLBP). Here, we report an ultrafast cathodic expansion (in minutes) of bulk black phosphorus in the nonaqueous electrolyte of tetraalkylammonium salts that allows for the high-yield (>80%) synthesis of nonoxidative few-layer BP flakes with high crystallinity in ambient conditions. Our detailed mechanistic studies reveal that cathodic intercalation and subsequent decomposition of solvated cations result in the ultrafast expansion of BP toward the high-yield production of FLBP. The FLBPs thus obtained show negligible structural deterioration, excellent electronic properties, great solution processability, and high air stability, which allows us to prepare stable BP inks (2 mg/mL) in low-boiling point solvents for large-area inkjet printing and fabrication of optoelectronic devices.

中文翻译：

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黑色磷的超快电化学膨胀向几层磷的高产率合成

为了弥合实验室研究与商业应用之间的鸿沟，至关重要的是开发可扩展的方法，以生产大量的高质量且可溶液处理的薄层phosphor（FLBP）。在这里，我们报道了四烷基铵盐非水电解质中大量黑磷的超快阴极膨胀（以分钟为单位），这允许在环境条件下以高结晶度（> 80％）合成具有高结晶度的非氧化性几层BP薄片。我们详细的机理研究表明，阴极嵌入和随后溶剂化阳离子的分解会导致BP超快膨胀，向FLBP的高产量产生。如此获得的FLBP表现出微不足道的结构劣化，优异的电子性能，出色的溶液加工性能和高空气稳定性，