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Association of Biomarker Clusters With Cardiac Phenotypes and Mortality in Patients With HIV Infection
Circulation: Heart Failure ( IF 9.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-04-01 , DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.117.004312
Rebecca Scherzer 1 , Sanjiv J. Shah 1 , Eric Secemsky 1 , Javed Butler 1 , Carl Grunfeld 1 , Michael G. Shlipak 1 , Priscilla Y. Hsue 1
Affiliation  

Background: Although individual cardiac biomarkers are associated with heart failure risk and all-cause mortality in HIV-infected individuals, their combined use for prediction has not been well studied.
Methods and Results: Unsupervised k-means cluster analysis was performed blinded to the study outcomes in 332 HIV-infected participants on 8 biomarkers: ST2, NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), GDF-15 (growth differentiation factor 15), cystatin C, IL-6 (interleukin-6), D-dimer, and troponin. We evaluated cross-sectional associations of each cluster with diastolic dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension (defined as echocardiographic pulmonary artery systolic pressure ≥35 mm Hg), and longitudinal associations with all-cause mortality. The biomarker-derived clusters partitioned subjects into 3 groups. Cluster 3 (n=103) had higher levels of CRP, IL-6, and D-dimer (inflammatory phenotype). Cluster 2 (n=86) displayed elevated levels of ST2, NT-proBNP, and GDF-15 (cardiac phenotype). Cluster 1 (n=143) had lower levels of both phenotype-associated biomarkers. After multivariable adjustment for traditional and HIV-related risk factors, cluster 3 was associated with a 51% increased risk of diastolic dysfunction (95% confidence interval, 1.12–2.02), and cluster 2 was associated with a 67% increased risk of pulmonary hypertension (95% confidence interval, 1.04–2.68), relative to cluster 1. Over a median 6.9-year follow-up, 48 deaths occurred. Cluster 3 was independently associated with a 3.3-fold higher risk of mortality relative to cluster 1 (95% confidence interval, 1.3–8.1), and cluster 2 had a 3.1-fold increased risk (95% confidence interval, 1.1–8.4), even after controlling for diastolic dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular mass, and ejection fraction.
Conclusions: Serum biomarkers can be used to classify HIV-infected individuals into separate clusters for differentiating cardiopulmonary structural and functional abnormalities and can predict mortality independent of these structural and functional measures.


中文翻译:

HIV感染患者中生物标志物簇与心脏表型和死亡率的关系

背景:尽管个别心脏生物标志物与HIV感染者的心力衰竭风险和全因死亡率相关,但尚未将其组合用于预测。
方法和结果:在332个HIV感染者中对8个生物标记物进行了无监督的k均值聚类分析,研究对象不包括8种生物标记物:ST2,NT-proBNP(N末端pro-B型利尿钠肽),hsCRP(高敏感性C反应蛋白) ),GDF-15(生长分化因子15),胱抑素C,IL-6(白介素-6),D-二聚体和肌钙蛋白。我们评估了各组与舒张功能障碍,肺动脉高压(定义为超声心动图肺动脉收缩压≥35mm Hg)的横断面关联以及与全因死亡率的纵向关联。生物标记衍生的簇将受试者分为3组。群集3(n = 103)具有较高水平的CRP,IL-6和D-二聚体(炎症表型)。簇2(n = 86)显示ST2,NT-proBNP和GDF-15(心脏表型)水平升高。聚类1(n = 143)具有较低的两种表型相关生物标记物水平。在对传统的和与HIV相关的危险因素进行多变量调整后,第3组与舒张功能障碍风险增加51%相关(95%置信区间,1.12-2.02),第2组与肺动脉高压风险增加67%相关(相对于集群1,置信区间为95%,1.04-2.68)。在6.9年的中位随访期内,有48例死亡。相对于聚类1,聚类3的死亡风险高3.3倍(95%置信区间1.3–8.1),聚类2的风险增加3.1倍(95%置信区间1.1-8.4),即使在控制了舒张功能障碍,肺动脉高压,左心室肿块和射血分数后也是如此。在对传统的和与HIV相关的危险因素进行多变量调整后,第3组与舒张功能障碍风险增加51%相关(95%置信区间,1.12-2.02),第2组与肺动脉高压风险增加67%相关(相对于集群1,置信区间为95%,1.04-2.68)。在6.9年的中位随访期内,有48例死亡。相对于聚类1,聚类3的死亡风险高3.3倍(95%置信区间1.3–8.1),聚类2的风险增加3.1倍(95%置信区间1.1-8.4),即使在控制了舒张功能障碍,肺动脉高压,左心室肿块和射血分数后也是如此。在对传统的和与HIV相关的危险因素进行多变量调整后,第3组与舒张功能障碍风险增加51%相关(95%置信区间,1.12-2.02),第2组与肺动脉高压风险增加67%相关(相对于组1,可信区间为95%,1.04-2.68)。在6.9年的中位随访期内,有48例死亡。相对于聚类1,聚类3的死亡风险高3.3倍(95%置信区间1.3–8.1),聚类2的风险增加3.1倍(95%置信区间1.1-8.4),即使在控制了舒张功能障碍,肺动脉高压,左心室肿块和射血分数后也是如此。相对而言,第3组相对于舒张功能障碍的风险增加51%(95%置信区间为1.12-2.02),第2组相对于肺动脉高压的风险增加了67%(95%置信区间为1.04-2.68)。聚类1.在6.9年的中位数随访中,发生了48例死亡。相对于聚类1,聚类3的死亡风险高3.3倍(95%置信区间1.3–8.1),聚类2的风险增加3.1倍(95%置信区间1.1-8.4),即使在控制了舒张功能障碍,肺动脉高压,左心室肿块和射血分数后也是如此。相对而言,第3组相对于舒张功能障碍的风险增加51%(95%置信区间为1.12-2.02),第2组相对于肺动脉高压的风险增加了67%(95%置信区间为1.04-2.68)。聚类1.在6.9年的中位数随访中,发生了48例死亡。相对于聚类1,聚类3的死亡风险高3.3倍(95%置信区间1.3–8.1),聚类2的风险增加3.1倍(95%置信区间1.1-8.4),即使在控制了舒张功能障碍,肺动脉高压,左心室肿块和射血分数后也是如此。随访9年,发生48例死亡。相对于聚类1,聚类3的死亡风险高3.3倍(95%置信区间1.3–8.1),聚类2的风险增加3.1倍(95%置信区间1.1-8.4),即使在控制了舒张功能障碍,肺动脉高压,左心室肿块和射血分数后也是如此。随访9年,发生48例死亡。相对于聚类1,聚类3的死亡风险高3.3倍(95%置信区间1.3–8.1),聚类2的风险增加3.1倍(95%置信区间1.1-8.4),即使在控制了舒张功能障碍,肺动脉高压,左心室肿块和射血分数后也是如此。
结论:血清生物标志物可用于将感染HIV的个体分类为单独的簇,以区分心肺结构和功能异常,并可独立于这些结构和功能指标预测死亡率。
更新日期:2018-04-18
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