Optical control of states exhibiting macroscopic phase coherence in condensed matter systems opens intriguing possibilities for materials and device engineering, including optically controlled qubits and photoinduced superconductivity. Metastable states, which in bulk materials are often associated with the formation of topological defects, are of more practical interest. Scaling to nanosize leads to reduced dimensionality, fundamentally changing the system's properties. In one-dimensional superconducting nanowires, vortices that are present in three-dimensional systems are replaced by fluctuating topological defects of the phase. These drastically change the dynamical behavior of the superconductor and introduce dynamical periodic long-range ordered states when the current is driven through the wire. We report the control and manipulation of transitions between different dynamically stable states in superconducting δ₃-MoN nanowire circuits by ultrashort laser pulses. Not only can the transitions between different dynamically stable states be precisely controlled by light, but we also discovered new photoinduced hidden states that cannot be reached under near-equilibrium conditions, created while laser photoexcited quasi-particles are outside the equilibrium condition. The observed switching behavior can be understood in terms of dynamical stabilization of various spatiotemporal periodic trajectories of the order parameter in the superconductor nanowire, providing means for the optical control of the superconducting phase with subpicosecond control of timing.

中文翻译：

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超导纳米线电路中动力学状态的非平衡光学控制。

在凝聚态系统中，对表现出宏观相干性的状态进行光学控制，为材料和器件工程（包括光学控制的量子位和光诱导的超导性）打开了诱人的可能性。在散装材料中通常与拓扑缺陷的形成有关的亚稳态具有更实际的意义。缩放到纳米尺寸会导致尺寸减小，从根本上改变系统的属性。在一维超导纳米线中，存在于三维系统中的涡流被相的波动拓扑缺陷所取代。当电流通过导线驱动时，它们会极大地改变超导体的动力学行为，并引入动态周期性的远距离有序状态。超短激光脉冲的₃ -MoN纳米线电路。不仅可以用光精确地控制不同动态稳定状态之间的跃迁，而且我们还发现了新的光致隐蔽状态，这些状态是在激光激发的准粒子处于平衡状态之外时在接近平衡的条件下无法达到的。可以根据超导体纳米线中阶参数的各种时空周期性轨迹的动态稳定性来理解所观察到的开关行为，从而提供了以亚皮秒的定时控制来对超导相进行光学控制的手段。