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Essential oil and monensin affect ruminal fermentation and the protozoal population in continuous culture
Journal of Dairy Science ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-28 , DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13646
D. Ye , S.K.R. Karnati , B. Wagner , J.L. Firkins , M.L. Eastridge , J.M. Aldrich

The interaction of monensin and essential oil was hypothesized to suppress protozoa and methane production while maintaining normal rumen function. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding monensin (MON) and CinnaGar (CIN, a commercial blend of cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil) on ruminal fermentation characteristics. Continuous culture fermentors (n = 4) were maintained in 4 experimental periods in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Four dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial: (1) control diet, 37 g/d of dry matter (40 g/d at ∼92.5% dry matter) of a 50:50 forage:concentrate diet containing no additive; (2) MON at 11 g/909 kg of dry matter; (3) CIN at 0.0043% of dry matter; and (4) a combination of MON and CIN at the levels in (2) and (3). Treatment had no effects on protozoal populations, concentration of NH3N, total N flow of effluent, production of total volatile fatty acids, or flows of conjugated linoleic acid and total C18 fatty acids. The MON decreased acetate:propionate ratio and biohydrogenation of both total C18 and 18:1 cis-9 but increased protozoal generation time, concentration of peptide, and flow of 18:1 trans-11. The MON tended to decrease protozoal counts in effluent and flow of 18:0 but tended to increase propionate production. The CIN decreased true organic matter digestibility and protozoal N flow of effluent but increased nonammonia, nonmicrobial N flow. The CIN tended to decrease protozoal counts, microbial N flow, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility but tended to increase biohydrogenation of total C18, 18:2, and 18:3. The CIN tended to increase isovalerate production. The MON and CIN tended to interact for increased methane production and bacterial N flow. A second experiment was conducted to determine the effects of MON and CIN on protozoal nitrogen and cell volume in vitro. Four treatments included (1) control (feed only), (2) feed + 0.0043% dry matter CIN, (3) feed + 2.82 μM MON, and (4) feed + CIN + MON at the same levels as in (2) and (3). With no interactions, MON addition decreased percentage of protozoa that were motile and tended to decrease cell volume at 6 h. The CIN did not affect cell count or other indicators of motility or volume at either 3 or 6 h. Under the conditions of our study, we did not detect an additive response for MON and CIN to decrease protozoal counts or methane production. A 3-dimensional method is suggested to better estimate protozoal cell volume.



中文翻译:

精油和莫能菌素在连续培养中影响瘤胃发酵和原生动物数量

假设莫能菌素与精油的相互作用可抑制原生动物和甲烷的产生,同时保持正常的瘤胃功能。这项研究的目的是确定饲喂莫能菌素(MON)和CinnaGar(CIN,肉桂醛和大蒜油的商业混合物)对瘤胃发酵特性的影响。连续培养的发酵罐(n = 4)在4个实验周期中以4×4拉丁方形设计进行维护。四种饮食处理安排在2×2因子中:(1)对照饮食,37 g / d的干物质(40 g / d,约92.5%的干物质),不含添加剂的50:50饲草:浓缩饮食;(2)MON的干物质为11克/ 909千克;(3)CIN为干物质的0.0043%;(4)MON和CIN的组合处于(2)和(3)的水平。治疗对原生动物种群,NH浓度没有影响3 N,总氮流出量,总挥发性脂肪酸的产生,或共轭亚油酸和总C18脂肪酸的流量。MON降低了总C18和18:1-9的乙酸盐:丙酸酯比率和生物氢化作用,但增加了原生动物的生成时间,肽浓度和18:1反式流量-11。MON倾向于减少出水和流量为18:0的原生动物数量,但倾向于增加丙酸酯的产量。CIN降低了废水的真实有机物消化率和原生动物氮流量,但增加了非氨氮,非微生物氮流量。CIN倾向于减少原生动物数,微生物氮流量和中性洗涤剂纤维的消化率,但倾向于增加总C18、18:2和18:3的生物氢化作用。CIN倾向于增加异戊酸酯的产量。MON和CIN倾向于相互作用以增加甲烷产量和细菌N流量。进行第二个实验以确定MON和CIN在体外对原生动物氮和细胞体积的影响。四种处理包括:(1)对照(仅进料),(2)进料+ 0.0043%干物质CIN,(3)进料+ 2.82μ中号MON和(4)以与(2)和(3)相同的水平进料+ CIN + MON。在没有相互作用的情况下,MON添加会降低能动的原生动物百分比,并在6 h时倾向于减少细胞体积。在3或6小时内,CIN不会影响细胞计数或其他活力或体积指标。在我们的研究条件下,我们没有检测到MON和CIN的加性反应以减少原生动物计数或甲烷产生。建议使用3维方法更好地估计原生动物细胞的体积。

更新日期:2018-03-29
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