The attachment of aerobic spore-forming bacteria and their spores to the surfaces of dairy processing equipment leads to biofilm formation. Although sporeformers may differ in the degree of attachment, various surface modifications are being studied in order to develop a surface that is least vulnerable to attachment. This study was conducted to compare the extent of adhesion of spores and vegetative cells of the thermotolerant sporeformer Bacillus licheniformis and the high-heat-resistant sporeformers Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus sporothermodurans on both native and modified stainless steel surfaces. We studied the effect of contact surface and cell surface properties (including surface energy, surface hydrophobicity, cell surface hydrophobicity, and zeta potential) on the adhesion tendency of both types of sporeformers and their spores. Attachment to native and modified (Ni-P-polytetrafluoroethylene, Ni-P-PTFE) stainless steel surfaces was determined by allowing interaction between the respective contact surface and vegetative cells or spores for 1 h at ambient temperature. The hydrophobicity of vegetative cells and spores of aerobic spore-forming bacteria was determined using the hexadecane assay, and zeta potential was determined using the Zeta sizer Nano series instrument (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK). The results indicated a higher adhesion tendency of spores over vegetative cells for both thermotolerant and high-heat-resistant sporeformers. On comparing the sporeformers, B. sporothermodurans demonstrated the highest adhesion tendency followed by G. stearothermophilus; B. licheniformis exhibited minimal attachment on both surfaces. The tendency to adhere varied with cell surface properties, decreasing with lower cell surface hydrophobicity and higher cell surface charge. On the other hand, modifying contact surface properties for higher surface hydrophobicity and lower surface energy decreased attachment.

需氧孢子形成细菌及其孢子在乳品加工设备表面的附着导致生物膜的形成。尽管孢子形成剂的附着程度可能有所不同，但人们正在研究各种表面改性方法，以开发出最不容易附着的表面。进行该研究以比较孢子和耐热sporeformer的营养细胞的粘附程度地衣芽孢杆菌和高耐热sporeformers嗜热脂肪土芽孢杆菌属和芽孢杆菌sporothermodurans在天然和改性不锈钢表面上均可使用。我们研究了接触表面和细胞表面特性（包括表面能，表面疏水性，细胞表面疏水性和ζ电势）对两种类型的孢子形成剂及其孢子粘附趋势的影响。通过在环境温度下允许各个接触表面与营养细胞或孢子之间相互作用1小时，确定与天然和改性（Ni-P-聚四氟乙烯，Ni-P-PTFE）表面的附着。使用十六烷测定法确定营养细胞和好氧孢子形成细菌的孢子的疏水性，并使用Zeta sizer Nano系列仪器（Malvern Panalytical，Malvern，UK）测定zeta电位。结果表明，对于耐热和高耐热的孢子形成剂，孢子对植物细胞的粘附趋势更高。在比较孢子形成者时，B. sporothermodurans表现出最高的粘附趋势，其次是G. stearothermophilus ; 地衣芽孢杆菌在两个表面上均表现出最小的附着。粘附的趋势随细胞表面性质而变化，随较低的细胞表面疏水性和较高的细胞表面电荷而降低。另一方面，为了更高的表面疏水性和更低的表面能而改变接触表面性能会降低附着力。