Photoredox decarboxylative cross-coupling via iridium–nickel dual catalysis has emerged as a valuable method for C(sp²)–C(sp³) bond formation. Herein we describe the application of a segmented flow (“microslug”) reactor equipped with a newly designed photochemistry module for material-efficient reaction screening and optimization. Through the deployment of a self-optimizing algorithm, optimal flow conditions for the model reaction were rapidly developed, simultaneously accounting for the effects of continuous variables (temperature and time) and discrete variables (base and catalyst). Temperature was found to be a critical parameter with regard to reaction rates and hence productivity in subsequent scale-up in flow. The optimized conditions identified at microscale were found to directly transfer to a Vapourtec UV-150 continuous flow photoreactor, enabling predictable scale-up operation at a scale of hundreds of milligrams per hour. This optimization approach was then expanded to other halide coupling partners that were low-yielding in batch reactions, highlighting the practical application of this optimization platform in the development of conditions for photochemical synthesis in continuous flow.

中文翻译：

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光氧化还原铱－镍双催化脱羧化芳族化合物的交叉偶联：通过自优化分段流反应器从分批流向连续流

通过铱-镍双重催化的光氧化还原脱羧交叉偶联已成为C（sp ²）-C（sp ³）的一种有价值的方法）键的形成。本文中，我们描述了分段流（“微团”）反应器的应用，该反应器配备了新设计的光化学模块，可进行材料有效的反应筛选和优化。通过部署自优化算法，快速开发了用于模型反应的最佳流动条件，同时考虑了连续变量（温度和时间）和离散变量（碱和催化剂）的影响。发现温度是关于反应速率的关键参数，因此是随后扩大流量的生产率的关键参数。发现在微尺度上确定的优化条件可以直接转移到Vapourtec UV-150连续流光反应器中，从而能够以每小时数百毫克的规模进行可预测的放大操作。