Modern therapeutic cancer vaccines need simple and effective formulations to enhance both humoral and cellular immune responses. Nanoparticles have obtained more and more attention in the development of vaccine delivery platforms. Moreover, nanoparticles-based vaccine delivery platform has high potential for improving the immunogenicity of vaccine. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved many types of iron oxide nanoparticles for clinical use, such as treating iron deficiency, contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and drug delivery platforms. In this study, we explored a novel combined use of iron oxide nanoparticles (superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles) as a vaccine delivery platform and immune potentiator, and investigated how this formulation affected cytokine expression in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Comparing with soluble OVA alone and iron oxide nanoparticles alone, we found significant differences in immune responses and tumor inhibition induced by OVA formulated with iron oxide nanoparticles. Our iron oxide nanoparticles greatly promoted the activation of immune cells and cytokine production, inducing potent humoral and cellular immune responses. These results suggest that this nanoparticle-based delivery system has strong potential to be utilized as a general platform for cancer vaccines.

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基于氧化铁纳米颗粒的疫苗输送，用于癌症治疗

现代治疗性癌症疫苗需要简单有效的制剂来增强体液和细胞免疫反应。纳米颗粒在疫苗递送平台的开发中越来越受到关注。而且，基于纳米颗粒的疫苗递送平台具有改善疫苗的免疫原性的高潜力。美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）已批准将多种类型的氧化铁纳米颗粒用于临床用途，例如治疗铁缺乏症，用于磁共振成像（MRI）的造影剂和药物输送平台。在这项研究中，我们探索了氧化铁纳米颗粒（超顺磁性Fe ₃ O ₄纳米颗粒）作为疫苗输送平台和免疫增强剂，并研究了这种制剂如何在体外影响巨噬细胞和树突状细胞（DC）中细胞因子的表达以及体内肿瘤的生长。与单独的可溶性OVA和单独的氧化铁纳米颗粒相比，我们发现由氧化铁纳米颗粒配制的OVA诱导的免疫反应和肿瘤抑制作用存在显着差异。我们的氧化铁纳米颗粒极大地促进了免疫细胞的活化和细胞因子的产生，诱导了强大的体液和细胞免疫反应。这些结果表明，这种基于纳米颗粒的递送系统具有很强的潜力，可以用作癌症疫苗的通用平台。