Remarkable advancements in material technologies have accelerated the use of many new materials and their hybrids and composites in diverse applications. Among such available options, polymer nanocomposites are recognized to have the potential to bring future revolution, especially because of their flexible functionalities and related advantages (e.g., good strength, large surface area to volume ratio, large flame retardancy, high elastic modulus, enhanced density, and thermo-mechanical/optoelectronic/magnetic properties). These nanocomposites have been successfully incorporated into diverse fields of applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, gene therapy, food preservation, biosensing, and bioimaging. Thus, the primary focus of this review is placed to give an integrated overview of polymer nanocomposites along with their synthesis routes, surface treatment strategies, and applications in the healthcare sector (e.g., drug delivery, 3D bio-implant, bioimaging, food processing, and other miscellaneous biomedical applications). Our discussion also highlights future directions for this emerging field of research.

材料技术的显着进步加速了许多新材料及其混合和复合材料在多种应用中的使用。在这些可用的选项中，聚合物纳米复合材料被认为具有带来未来革命的潜力，尤其是由于它们的灵活功能和相关优势（例如，良好的强度，较大的表面积与体积比，较大的阻燃性，高弹性模量，增强的密度） ，以及热机械/光电/磁特性）。这些纳米复合材料已成功整合到各种应用领域中，例如药物递送，组织工程，基因治疗，食品保存，生物传感和生物成像。因此，本文的主要重点是对聚合物纳米复合材料及其合成路线，表面处理策略以及在医疗保健领域的应用（例如药物输送，3D生物植入，生物成像，食品加工等）进行综合概述。其他生物医学应用）。我们的讨论还突出了这一新兴研究领域的未来方向。