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Dynamic changes in task preparation in a multi-task environment: The task transformation paradigm Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Mengqiao Chai, Clay B. Holroyd, Marcel Brass, Senne Braem
A key element of human flexible behavior concerns the ability to continuously predict and prepare for sudden changes in tasks or actions. Here, we tested whether people can dynamically modulate task preparation processes and decision-making strategies when the identity of a to-be-performed task becomes uncertain. To this end, we developed a new paradigm where participants need to prepare for one of
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Illusions of knowledge due to mere repetition Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Felix Speckmann, Christian Unkelbach
Repeating information increases people's belief that the repeated information is true. This truth effect has been widely researched and is relevant for topics such as fake news and misinformation. Another effect of repetition, which is also relevant to those topics, has not been extensively studied so far: Do people believe they knew something before it was repeated? We used a standard truth effect
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Tell me your (cognitive) budget, and I’ll tell you what you value Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 David Kinney, Tania Lombrozo
Consider the following two (hypothetical) generic causal claims: “Living in a neighborhood with many families with children increases purchases of bicycles” and “living in an affluent neighborhood with many families with children increases purchases of bicycles.” These claims not only differ in what they suggest about how bicycle ownership is distributed across different neighborhoods (i.e., “the data”)
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Working memory capacity for continuous events: The root of temporal compression in episodic memory? Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Nathan Leroy, Steve Majerus, Arnaud D'Argembeau
Remembering the unfolding of past episodes usually takes less time than their actual duration. In this study, we evaluated whether such temporal compression emerges when continuous events are too long to be fully held in working memory. To do so, we asked 90 young adults to watch and mentally replay video clips showing people performing a continuous action (e.g., turning a car jack) that lasted 3,
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Three key questions to move towards a theoretical framework of visuospatial perspective taking Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Steven Samuel, Thorsten M. Erle, Louise P. Kirsch, Andrew Surtees, Ian Apperly, Henryk Bukowski, Malika Auvray, Caroline Catmur, Klaus Kessler, Francois Quesque
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Me or we? Action-outcome learning in synchronous joint action Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Maximilian Marschner, David Dignath, Günther Knoblich
Goal-directed behaviour requires mental representations that encode instrumental relationships between actions and their outcomes. The present study investigated how people acquire representations of joint actions where co-actors perform synchronized action contributions to produce joint outcomes in the environment. Adapting an experimental procedure to assess individual action-outcome learning, we
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Cognitive offloading is value-based decision making: Modelling cognitive effort and the expected value of memory Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Sam J. Gilbert
How do people decide between maintaining information in short-term memory or offloading it to external reminders? How does this affect subsequent memory? This article presents a simple computational model based on two principles: A) items stored in brain-based memory occupy its limited capacity, generating an opportunity cost; B) reminders incur a small physical-action cost, but capacity is effectively
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Category Locality Theory: A unified account of locality effects in sentence comprehension Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Shinnosuke Isono
In real-time sentence comprehension, the comprehender is often required to establish syntactic dependencies between words that are linearly distant. Major models of sentence comprehension assume that longer dependencies are more difficult to process because of working memory limitations. While the expected effect of distance on reading times () has been robustly observed in certain constructions, such
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Finding the meaning in meaning maps: Quantifying the roles of semantic and non-semantic scene information in guiding visual attention Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Maarten Leemans, Claudia Damiano, Johan Wagemans
In real-world vision, people prioritise the most informative scene regions via eye-movements. According to the cognitive guidance theory of visual attention, viewers allocate visual attention to those parts of the scene that are expected to be the most informative. The expected information of a scene region is coded in the semantic distribution of that scene. Meaning maps have been proposed to capture
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Emotions before actions: When children see costs as causal Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Claudia G. Sehl, Ori Friedman, Stephanie Denison
Adults expect people to be biased by sunk costs, but young children do not. We tested between two accounts for why children overlook the sunk cost bias. On one account, children do not see sunk costs as causal. The other account posits that children see sunk costs as causal, but unlike adults, think future actions cannot make up for sunk costs. These accounts make opposing predictions about whether
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Perceived gaze dynamics in social interactions can alter (and even reverse) the perceived temporal order of events Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Clara Colombatto, Yi-Chia Chen (陳鴨嘉), Brian J. Scholl
Here's an all-too-familiar scenario: Person A is staring at person B, and then B turns toward A, and A immediately looks away (a phenomenon we call ‘gaze deflection’). Beyond perceiving lower-level properties here — such as the timing of the eye/head turns — you can also readily perceive seemingly higher-level social dynamics: A got caught staring, and frantically looked away in embarrassment! It seems
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What drives disagreement about moral hypocrisy? Perceived comparability and how people exploit it to criticize enemies and defend allies Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Ike Silver, Jonathan Z. Berman
Charges of hypocrisy are usually thought to be to be damning. Yet when a hypocrisy charge is made, there often remains disagreement about whether or not its target really is a hypocrite. Why? Three pre-registered experiments ( = 2599) conceptualize and test the role of in evaluating hypocrisy. Calling someone a hypocrite typically entails invoking a comparison—one meant to highlight internal contradiction
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Oblique warping: A general distortion of spatial perception Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Sami R. Yousif, Samuel D. McDougle
There are many putatively distinct phenomena related to perception in the oblique regions of space. For instance, the classic oblique effect describes a deficit in visual acuity for oriented lines in the obliques, and classic “prototype effects” reflect a bias to misplace objects towards the oblique regions of space. Yet these effects are explained in very different terms: The oblique effect itself
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A bias-free test of human temporal bisection: Evidence against bisection at the arithmetic mean Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 David J. Sanderson
The temporal bisection procedure has been used to assess theories of time perception. A problem with the procedure for measuring the perceived midpoint of two durations is that the spacing of probe durations affects the length of the bisection point. Linear spacing results in longer bisection points closer to the arithmetic mean of the durations than logarithmic spacing. In three experiments, the influence
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Explaining contentious political issues promotes open-minded thinking Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 Abdo Elnakouri, Alex C. Huynh, Igor Grossmann
Cognitive scientists suggest that inviting people to explain contentious political issues might reduce intergroup toxicity because it exposes people to how poorly they understand the issue. However, whether providing explanations can result in more open-minded political thinking remains unclear. On one hand, inviting people to explain a political issue might make them more impartial and open-minded
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Irreducibility of sensory experiences: Dual representations lead to dual context biases Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 Yanmei Zheng, Alan D.J. Cooke, Chris Janiszewski
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Relative cue precision and prior knowledge contribute to the preference of proximal and distal landmarks in human orientation Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Yafei Qi, Weimin Mou
A prevailing argument posits that distal landmarks dominate over proximal landmarks as orientation cues. However, no studies have tested this argument or examined the underlying mechanisms. This project aimed to close this gap by examining the roles of relative cue precision and prior knowledge in cue preference. Participants learned object locations with proximal and distal landmarks in an immersive
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Acquiring a language vs. inducing a grammar Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Gabe Dupre
Standard computational models of language acquisition treat acquiring a language as a process of inducing a set of string-generating rules from a collection of linguistic data assumed to be generated by these very rules. In this paper I give theoretical and empirical arguments that such a model is radically unlike what a human language learner must do to acquire their native language. Most centrally
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Adults' learning of complex explanations violates their intuitions about optimal explanatory order Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Amanda M. McCarthy, Nicole Betz, Frank C. Keil
Should you first teach about the of a microwave or about it heats food? Adults strongly prefer explanations to present function before mechanism and information about a whole to precede information about its component parts. Here we replicate those preferences (Study 1). Using the same stimuli, we then ask whether those pedagogical preferences reflect ease of learning of labels, function, or mechanism
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Conflicts between short- and long-term experiences affect visual perception through modulating sensory or motor response systems: Evidence from Bayesian inference models Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Qi Sun, Jing-Yi Wang, Xiu-Mei Gong
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Prime saliency in semantic priming with 18-month-olds Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Nicola Gillen, Armando Quetzalcóatl Angulo-Chavira, Kim Plunkett
This study investigated semantic priming in 18-month-old infants using the inter-modal priming technique, focusing on the effects of prime repetition on saliency. Our findings showed that prime repetition led to longer looking times at target referents for related primes compared to unrelated primes, supporting the existence of a structured semantic system in infants as young as 18 months. The results
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Do toddlers reason about other people's experiences of objects? A limit to early mental state reasoning Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Brandon M. Woo, Gabriel H. Chisholm, Elizabeth S. Spelke
Human social life requires an understanding of the mental states of one's social partners. Two people who look at the same objects often experience them differently, as a twinkling light or a planet, a 6 or a 9, and a random cat or Cleo, their pet. Indeed, a primary purpose of communication is to share distinctive experiences of objects or events. Here, we test whether toddlers (14–15 months) are sensitive
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Brain responses to a lab-evolved artificial language with space-time metaphors Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Tessa Verhoef, Tyler Marghetis, Esther Walker, Seana Coulson
What is the connection between the cultural evolution of a language and the rapid processing response to that language in the brains of individual learners? In an iterated communication study that was conducted previously, participants were asked to communicate temporal concepts such as “tomorrow,” “day after,” “year,” and “past” using vertical movements recorded on a touch screen. Over time, participants
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The nature of anchor-biased estimates and its application to the wisdom of crowds Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Hidehito Honda, Rina Kagawa, Masaru Shirasuna
We propose a method to achieve better wisdom of crowds by utilizing anchoring effects. In this method, people are first asked to make a comparative judgment such as “Is the number of new COVID-19 infections one month later more or less than 10 (or 200,000)?” As in this example, two sufficiently different anchors (e.g., “10” or “200,000”) are set in the comparative judgment. After this comparative judgment
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Weighting of cues to categorization of song versus speech in tone-language and non-tone-language speakers Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Magdalena Kachlicka, Aniruddh D. Patel, Fang Liu, Adam Tierney
One of the most important auditory categorization tasks a listener faces is determining a sound's domain, a process which is a prerequisite for successful within-domain categorization tasks such as recognizing different speech sounds or musical tones. Speech and song are universal in human cultures: how do listeners categorize a sequence of words as belonging to one or the other of these domains? There
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Updating beliefs about pain following advice: Trustworthiness of social advice predicts pain expectations and experience Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Charlotte Krahé, Athanasios Koukoutsakis, Aikaterini Fotopoulou
Prior expectations influence pain experience. These expectations, in turn, rely on prior pain experience, but they may also be socially influenced. Yet, most research has focused on self rather than social expectations about pain, and hardly any studies examined their combined effects on pain. Here, we adopted a Bayesian learning perspective to investigate how explicitly communicated social expectations
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Does rotation eliminate masked priming effects for Japanese kanji words? Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Masahiro Yoshihara, Mariko Nakayama, Xue Junyi, Yasushi Hino
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A predictive coding model of the N400 Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Samer Nour Eddine, Trevor Brothers, Lin Wang, Michael Spratling, Gina R. Kuperberg
The N400 event-related component has been widely used to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying real-time language comprehension. However, despite decades of research, there is still no unifying theory that can explain both its temporal dynamics and functional properties. In this work, we show that predictive coding – a biologically plausible algorithm for approximating Bayesian inference – offers
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Metacognitive judgment formation during map learning: Evidence for global monitoring Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Lauren A. Mason, Ayanna K. Thomas, Holly A. Taylor
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Chimpanzees demonstrate a behavioural signature of human joint action Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Merryn D. Constable, Emma Suvi McEwen, Günther Knoblich, Callum Gibson, Amanda Addison, Sophia Nestor, Josep Call
The strength of human society can largely be attributed to the tendency to work together to achieve outcomes that are not possible alone. Effective social coordination benefits from mentally representing a partner's actions. Specifically, humans optimize social coordination by forming internal action models adapted to joint rather than individual task demands. To what extent do humans share the cognitive
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Impasse-Driven problem solving: The multidimensional nature of feeling stuck Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Wendy Ross, Selene Arfini
This study reports findings across four preregistered experiments (total = 856) that establish the multidimensional nature of impasse and resolve two paradoxes implicit in the problem-solving literature: how a state of impasse can be at once necessary to solve a problem with insight yet also have appear to have a catastrophic effect on solution rates, and why individuals such as problem-solving and
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The perception of dramatic risks: Biased media, but unbiased minds Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Thorsten Pachur
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Hierarchical and dynamic relationships between body part ownership and full-body ownership Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Sophie H. O'Kane, Marie Chancel, H. Henrik Ehrsson
What is the relationship between experiencing individual body parts and the whole body as one's own? We theorised that body part ownership is driven primarily by the perceptual binding of visual and somatosensory signals from specific body parts, whereas full-body ownership depends on a more global binding process based on multisensory information from several body segments. To examine this hypothesis
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Why are there no girls? Increasing children's recognition of structural causes of the gender gap in STEM Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Jamie Amemiya, Lin Bian
The gender disparity in STEM fields emerges early in development. This research examined children's explanations for this gap and investigated two approaches to enhance children's structural understanding that this imbalance is caused by societal, systematic barriers. Five- to 8-year-old children ( = 145) observed girls' underrepresentation in a STEM competition; the condition presented no additional
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An investigation of the effect of logical structures on Chinese preschool children's counterfactual reasoning development Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Yanwen Wu
Counterfactual reasoning helps people to learn from the past to prepare for the future. In contrast to English with counterfactual markers that directly signal counterfactual reasoning, Mandarin Chinese indicates counterfactual reasoning by counterfactuality enhancers, which enhance rather than directly signal entry into the counterfactual realm. There are more counterfactuality enhancers in subtractive
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How to overcome biases against creativity: The role of familiarity with and confidence in original solutions Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Moritz Reis, Wilfried Kunde
Despite the societal relevance of creative ideas, humans favor traditional over more original solutions, conceivably because of the increased uncertainty that comes with trying novel approaches. Here, we tested whether this anti-creativity bias can be counteracted by increasing familiarity with, and confidence in, creative solutions. Participants chose between creative and traditional uses for given
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Distinguishing between intrinsic and instrumental sources of the value of choice Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Sean Devine, Kevin da Silva Castanheira, Stephen M. Fleming, A. Ross Otto
Considerable evidence suggests that people value the freedom to choose. However, it is unclear whether this preference for choice stems purely from choice's intrinsic value, or whether people prefer to choose because it tends to provide instrumental information about desirable outcomes. To address this question, participants completed a novel choice task in which they could freely choose to exert choice
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Syllabic rhythm and prior linguistic knowledge interact with individual differences to modulate phonological statistical learning Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-02-10 Ireri Gómez Varela, Joan Orpella, David Poeppel, Pablo Ripolles, M. Florencia Assaneo
Phonological statistical learning - our ability to extract meaningful regularities from spoken language - is considered critical in the early stages of language acquisition, in particular for helping to identify discrete words in continuous speech. Most phonological statistical learning studies use an experimental task introduced by Saffran et al. (1996), in which the syllables forming the words to
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Internal attention modulates the functional state of novel stimulus-response associations in working memory Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Silvia Formica, Ana F. Palenciano, Luc Vermeylen, Nicholas E. Myers, Marcel Brass, Carlos González-García
Information in working memory (WM) is crucial for guiding behavior. However, not all WM representations are equally relevant simultaneously. Current theoretical frameworks propose a functional dissociation between ‘latent’ and ‘active’ states, in which relevant representations are prioritized into an optimal (active) state to face current demands, while relevant information that is not immediately
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Volition motivates cognitive performance at the response-execution level by attenuating task-irrelevant motor activations Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Xiaoxiao Luo, Lihui Wang, Xiaolin Zhou
Humans express volition by making voluntary choices which, relative to forced choices, can motivate cognitive performance in a variety of tasks. However, a task that requires the generation of motor responses on the basis of external sensory stimulation involves complex underlying cognitive processes, e.g., pre-response processing, response selection, and response execution. The present study investigated
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Modeling early phonetic acquisition from child-centered audio data Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Marvin Lavechin, Maureen de Seyssel, Marianne Métais, Florian Metze, Abdelrahman Mohamed, Hervé Bredin, Emmanuel Dupoux, Alejandrina Cristia
Infants learn their native language(s) at an amazing speed. Before they even talk, their perception adapts to the language(s) they hear. However, the mechanisms responsible for this and the circumstances in which it takes place remain unclear. This paper presents the first attempt to study perceptual attunement using ecological child-centered audio data. We show that a simple prediction algorithm exhibits
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Spatial relation categorization in infants and deep neural networks Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Guy Davidson, A. Emin Orhan, Brenden M. Lake
Spatial relations, such as above, below, between, and containment, are important mediators in children’s understanding of the world (Piaget, 1954). The development of these relational categories in infancy has been extensively studied (Quinn, 2003) yet little is known about their computational underpinnings. Using developmental tests, we examine the extent to which deep neural networks, pretrained
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No verbal overshadowing in aphantasia: The role of visual imagery for the verbal overshadowing effect Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Merlin Monzel, Jennifer Handlogten, Martin Reuter
The verbal overshadowing effect refers to the phenomenon that the verbal description of a past complex stimulus impairs its subsequent recognition. Theoretical explanations range from interference between different mental representations to the activation of different processing orientations or a provoked shift in the recognition criterion. In our study, 61 participants with aphantasia (= lack of mental
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Ethical judgments of poverty depictions in the context of charity advertising Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Shannon M. Duncan, Emma E. Levine, Deborah A. Small
Aid organizations, activists, and the media often use graphic depictions of human suffering to elicit sympathy and aid. While effective, critics have condemned these practices as exploitative, objectifying, and deceptive, ultimately labeling them ‘poverty porn.’ This paper examines people's ethical judgments of portrayals of poverty and the criticisms surrounding them, focusing on the context of charity
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When intuitive Bayesians need to be good readers: The problem-wording effect on Bayesian reasoning Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Miroslav Sirota, Gorka Navarrete, Marie Juanchich
Are humans intuitive Bayesians? It depends. People seem to be Bayesians when updating probabilities from experience but not when acquiring probabilities from descriptions (i.e., Bayesian textbook problems). Decades of research on textbook problems have focused on how the format of the statistical information (e.g., the natural frequency effect) affects such reasoning. However, it pays much less attention
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Wordform variability in infants’ language environment and its effects on early word learning Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Charlotte Moore, Elika Bergelson
Most research regarding early word learning in English tends to make the simplifying assumption that there exists a one-to-one mapping between concrete objects and their labels. In the current work, we provide evidence that runs counter to this assumption, aligning English with more morphologically-rich languages. We suggest that even in a morphologically-poor language like English, real world language
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Opposite size illusions for inverted faces and letters Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-01-28 Eamonn Walsh, Carolina Moreira, Matthew R. Longo
Words are the primary means by which we communicate meaning and ideas, while faces provide important social cues. Studying visual illusions involving faces and words can elucidate the hierarchical processing of information as different regions of the brain are specialised for face recognition and word processing. A size illusion has previously been demonstrated for faces, whereby an inverted face is
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Heart is deceitful above all things: Threat expectancy induces the illusory perception of increased heartrate Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Eleonora Parrotta, Patric Bach, Mauro Gianni Perrucci, Marcello Costantini, Francesca Ferri
It has been suggested that our perception of the internal milieu, or the body's internal state, is shaped by our beliefs and previous knowledge about the body's expected state, rather than being solely based on actual interoceptive experiences. This study investigated whether heartbeat perception could be illusorily distorted towards prior subjective beliefs, such that threat expectations suffice to
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How can I find what I want? Can children, chimpanzees and capuchin monkeys form abstract representations to guide their behavior in a sampling task? Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Elisa Felsche, Christoph J. Völter, Esther Herrmann, Amanda M. Seed, Daphna Buchsbaum
Abstract concepts are a powerful tool for making wide-ranging predictions in new situations based on little experience. Whereas looking-time studies suggest an early emergence of this ability in human infancy, other paradigms like the relational match to sample task often fail to detect abstract concepts until late preschool years. Similarly, non-human animals show difficulties and often succeed only
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Similarity-induced interference or facilitation in language production reflects representation, not selection Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Gary M. Oppenheim, Nazbanou Nozari
Researchers have long interpreted the presence or absence of semantic interference in picture naming latencies as confirming or refuting theoretical claims regarding competitive lexical selection. But inconsistent empirical results challenge any mechanistic interpretation. A behavioral experiment first verified an apparent boundary condition in a blocked picture naming task: when orthogonally manipulating
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Perception and memory-based representations of facial emotions: Associations with personality functioning, affective states and recognition abilities Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Chi-Hsun Chang, Natalia Drobotenko, Anthony C. Ruocco, Andy C.H. Lee, Adrian Nestor
Personality traits and affective states are associated with biases in facial emotion perception. However, the precise personality impairments and affective states that underlie these biases remain largely unknown. To investigate how relevant factors influence facial emotion perception and recollection, Experiment 1 employed an image reconstruction approach in which community-dwelling adults (N = 89)
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Shifting attention between perception and working memory Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Daniela Gresch, Sage E.P. Boettcher, Freek van Ede, Anna C. Nobre
Most everyday tasks require shifting the focus of attention between sensory signals in the external environment and internal contents in working memory. To date, shifts of attention have been investigated within each domain, but shifts between the external and internal domain remain poorly understood. We developed a combined perception and working-memory task to investigate and compare the consequences
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Individual differences in internal models explain idiosyncrasies in scene perception Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Gongting Wang, Matthew J. Foxwell, Radoslaw M. Cichy, David Pitcher, Daniel Kaiser
According to predictive processing theories, vision is facilitated by predictions derived from our internal models of what the world should look like. However, the contents of these models and how they vary across people remains unclear. Here, we use drawing as a behavioral readout of the contents of the internal models in individual participants. Participants were first asked to draw typical versions
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Confirmation bias emerges from an approximation to Bayesian reasoning Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Charlie Pilgrim, Adam Sanborn, Eugene Malthouse, Thomas T. Hills
Confirmation bias is defined as searching for and assimilating information in a way that favours existing beliefs. We show that confirmation bias emerges as a natural consequence of boundedly rational belief updating by presenting the BIASR model (Bayesian updating with an Independence Approximation and Source Reliability). In this model, an individual’s beliefs about a hypothesis and the source reliability
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The deflationary model of harm and moral wrongdoing: A rejoinder to Royzman & Borislow Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Miklós Kürthy, Paulo Sousa
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Changing your mind about the data: Updating sampling assumptions in inductive inference Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Brett K. Hayes, Joshua Pham, Jaimie Lee, Andrew Perfors, Keith Ransom, Saoirse Connor Desai
When people use samples of evidence to make inferences, they consider both the sample contents and how the sample was generated (“sampling assumptions”). The current studies examined whether people can update their sampling assumptions – whether they can revise a belief about sample generation that is discovered to be incorrect, and reinterpret old data in light of the new belief. We used a property
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Generative and active engagement in learning neuroscience: A comparison of self-derivation and rephrase Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Julia T. Wilson, Patricia J. Bauer
It is crucial to identify cognitive mechanisms that support knowledge growth. One such mechanism that is known to improve learning outcomes is generative processing: the construction of novel information beyond what is directly taught. In this study of college students, we investigate the learning outcomes associated with the generative process of self-derivation through integration, the integration
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Statistical learning of syllable sequences as trajectories through a perceptual similarity space Cognition (IF 4.011) Pub Date : 2024-01-13 Wendy Qi, Jason D. Zevin
Learning from sequential statistics is a general capacity common across many cognitive domains and species. One form of statistical learning (SL) – learning to segment “words” from continuous streams of speech syllables in which the only segmentation cue is ostensibly the transitional (or conditional) probability from one syllable to the next – has been studied in great detail. Typically, this phenomenon