Identification and quantification of trace-gas sources is a major challenge for understanding and regulating air quality and greenhouse gas emissions. Current approaches provide either continuous but localized monitoring, or quasi-instantaneous “snapshot-in-time” regional monitoring. There is a need for emissions detection that provides both continuous and regional coverage, because sources and sinks can be episodic and spatially variable. We field deploy a dual frequency comb laser spectrometer for the first time, enabling an observing system that provides continuous detection of trace-gas sources over multiple-square-kilometer regions. Field tests simulating methane emissions from oil and gas production demonstrate detection and quantification of a $1.6\mathrm{g}{\min }^{-1}$ source (less than the average emissions from a small pneumatic controller) from a distance of 1 km, and the ability to discern two leaks among a field of many potential sources. The technology achieves the goal of detecting, quantifying, and attributing emissions sources continuously through time, over large areas, and at emissions rates $\sim 1000\times$ lower than current regional approaches. It therefore provides a useful tool for monitoring and mitigating undesirable sources and closes a major information gap in the atmospheric sciences.

中文翻译：

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使用现场部署的双频梳状光谱仪进行区域痕量气源归因

微量气体的识别和量化是理解和调节空气质量和温室气体排放的主要挑战。当前的方法提供连续但局部的监视，或准瞬时的“即时快照”区域监视。由于源和汇可能是偶发性的并且在空间上是可变的，因此需要提供连续和区域覆盖的排放检测。我们首次在野外部署双频梳状激光光谱仪，从而实现了一种观察系统，该系统可连续检测多平方公里区域内的痕量气源。模拟石油和天然气生产中甲烷排放的现场测试证明了对甲烷的检测和定量$1.6\mathrm{G}{分}^{-\mathrm{1个}}$距离（小于一个小型气动控制器的平均排放量）的距离为1 km，并且能够识别许多潜在源场中的两次泄漏。该技术实现了在大范围内以一定的速率连续不断地检测，量化和归因于排放源的目标。$〜1000\times$低于目前的区域方法。因此，它为监测和减轻不良源提供了有用的工具，并弥合了大气科学领域的主要信息鸿沟。