Unprecedented acceleration in the rate of the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis was observed while performing the reaction in water medium with NaCl as an additive during the synthesis of diverse spirooxindole-γ-butyrolactone derivatives. The seminal role of hydrophobic hydration effect for the acceleration of the reaction was further proved by performing the reaction with antihydrophobic additive LiClO₄ and using denser D₂O solvent.

中文翻译：

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通过疏水水合驱动NHC在水上进行有机催化，以合成各种杂环和碳环化合物

在水介质中与NaCl作为添加剂的合成过程中，在水介质中进行反应时，观察到N杂环卡宾（NHC）有机催化速率的前所未有的加速。通过与抗疏水添加剂LiClO ₄进行反应并使用更稠密的D ₂ O溶剂进一步证明了疏水水合作用对促进反应的重要作用。