Both normative personality and DSM-IV personality disorders have been found to be heritable. However, there is limited knowledge about the extent to which the genetic and environmental influences underlying DSM personality disorders are shared with those of normative personality. The aims of this study were to assess the phenotypic similarity between normative and pathological personality and to investigate the extent to which genetic and environmental influences underlying individual differences in normative personality account for symptom variance across DSM-IV personality disorders.

A large population-based sample of adult twins was assessed for DSM-IV personality disorder criteria with structured interviews at two waves spanning a 10-year interval. At the second assessment, participants also completed the Big Five Inventory, a self-report instrument assessing the five-factor normative personality model. The proportion of genetic and environmental liabilities unique to the individual personality disorder measures, and hence not shared with the five Big Five Inventory domains, were estimated by means of multivariate Cholesky twin decompositions.

The median percentage of genetic liability to the 10 DSM-IV personality disorders assessed at wave 1 that was not shared with the Big Five domains was 64%, whereas for the six personality disorders that were assessed concurrently at wave 2, the median was 39%. Conversely, the median proportions of unique environmental liability in the personality disorders for wave 1 and wave 2 were 97% and 96%, respectively.

The results indicate that a moderate-to-sizable proportion of the genetic influence underlying DSM-IV personality disorders is not shared with the domain constructs of the Big Five model of normative personality. Caution should be exercised in assuming that normative personality measures can serve as proxies for DSM personality disorders when investigating the etiology of these disorders.

已发现规范性人格和DSM-IV人格障碍都是可遗传的。但是，关于DSM人格障碍的遗传和环境影响与规范人格的共享程度的了解有限。这项研究的目的是评估规范性人格和病理性人格之间的表型相似性，并调查遗传和环境影响规范性人格中潜在个体差异的程度，从而解释了DSM-IV型人格障碍的症状差异。

一项基于人群的成年双胞胎样本，通过两次结构性访谈（间隔10年）对DSM-IV型人格障碍标准进行了评估。在第二次评估中，参与者还完成了“五大清单”，这是一种自我报告工具，用于评估五因素规范性人格模型。个体人格障碍测度所特有的遗传和环境责任的比例，因此没有与五个大五库存域共享，是通过多变量Cholesky双胞胎分解法估算的。

在第一波中未与五大域共享的10种DSM-IV人格障碍的遗传责任中位百分比为64％，而在第二波中同时评估的六种人格障碍的遗传责任中位值为39％ 。相反，在第一波和第二波的人格障碍中，独特的环境责任的中位比例分别为97％和96％。

结果表明，DSM-IV型人格障碍的遗传影响的中度到中度比例与规范人格大五模型的域结构没有共享。在假设规范性人格测度可以作为DSM人格障碍的代理进行调查时应谨慎行事。