Upconversion nanomaterials with complex morphologies have attracted considerable interests due to morphology-dependent properties. In this work, silica coated-NaYF₄ upconversion nanomaterials (NaYF₄@SiO₂) of various shapes – nanorods, nanodumbbell and nanowire – were synthesized through controlling the ratio of NaYF₄ nanorods to silica. The nanodumbbell and nanowire morphologies showed much higher fluorescence efficiency than that of nanorod. These upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibited a high signal-to-noise ratio, effectively circumvent luminescence quenching and excellent photo-stability under 980 nm excitation. In particular, the as-prepared nanodumbbells were successfully applied to rapid latent fingerprint imaging, showing advantages over commercial fluorescence reagents. Such nanoparticles with further modification are expected to have a great potential in forensic and biological sciences.

由于形态相关的特性，具有复杂形态的上转换纳米材料引起了极大的兴趣。在这项工作中，通过控制NaYF ₄的比例，合成了各种形状的二氧化硅涂层的NaYF ₄上转换纳米材料（NaYF ₄ @SiO ₂）–纳米棒，纳米哑铃和纳米线。纳米棒到二氧化硅。纳米哑铃和纳米线的形态显示出比纳米棒高得多的荧光效率。这些上转换纳米颗粒（UCNP）表现出高信噪比，有效规避发光猝灭和在980 nm激发下的出色光稳定性。特别地，所制备的纳米哑铃被成功地用于快速潜伏指纹成像，显示出优于市售荧光试剂的优势。预期具有进一步修饰的此类纳米颗粒在法医学和生物科学中具有巨大潜力。