Floods are the most common natural disaster occurring worldwide, with their impact expected to grow in the future due to the effects of climate change and population shift. Floodwaters pose immediate dangers to human health, but also long-term effects resulting from displacement and worsened living conditions. This review examines the health impact of flood disasters, including skin and soft-tissue infections, gastroenteritis, and zoonotic infections such as leptospirosis, and the impact on noncommunicable diseases and health infrastructure. Further work in the development of cost-efficient preparedness strategies may mitigate the morbidity and mortality associated with such natural disasters.

中文翻译：

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洪灾的健康风险

洪水是世界范围内最常见的自然灾害，由于气候变化和人口转移的影响，洪水的影响预计将在未来增加。洪水不仅对人类健康构成威胁，而且还因流离失所和生活条件恶化而产生长期影响。这篇综述研究了洪水灾害对健康的影响，包括皮肤和软组织感染，肠胃炎以及钩端螺旋体病等人畜共患感染，以及对非传染性疾病和卫生基础设施的影响。制定具有成本效益的备灾策略的进一步工作可以减轻与此类自然灾害相关的发病率和死亡率。