BACKGROUND Prenatal environmental phenol and phthalate exposures may alter immune or inflammatory responses leading to respiratory and allergic disease. OBJECTIVES We estimated associations of prenatal environmental phenol and phthalate biomarkers with respiratory and allergic outcomes among children in the Mount Sinai Children's Environmental Health Study. METHODS We quantified urinary biomarkers of benzophenone-3, bisphenol A, paradichlorobenzene (as 2,5-dichlorophenol), triclosan, and 10 phthalate metabolites in third trimester maternal samples and assessed asthma, wheeze, and atopic skin conditions via parent questionnaires at ages 6 and 7 years (n = 164 children with 240 observations). We used logistic regression to estimate covariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) per standard deviation difference in natural log biomarker concentrations and examined effect measure modification by child's sex. RESULTS Associations of prenatal 2,5-dichlorophenol (all outcomes) and bisphenol A (asthma outcomes) were modified by child's sex, with increased odds of outcomes among boys but not girls. Among boys, ORs for asthma diagnosis per standard deviation difference in biomarker concentration were 3.00 (95% CI: 1.36, 6.59) for 2,5-dichlorophenol and 3.04 (95% CI: 1.38, 6.68) for bisphenol A. Wheeze in the past 12 months was inversely associated with low molecular weight phthalate metabolites among girls only (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.59) and with benzophenone-3 among all children (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.96). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal bisphenol A and paradichlorobenzene exposures were associated with pediatric respiratory outcomes among boys. Future studies may shed light on biological mechanisms and potential sexually-dimorphic effects of select phenols and phthalates on respiratory disease development.

中文翻译：

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产前环境酚和邻苯二甲酸酯生物标志物与6岁和7岁儿童的呼吸系统和过敏性疾病相关。

背景技术产前环境中苯酚和邻苯二甲酸酯的暴露可能会改变免疫或炎性反应，从而导致呼吸道和过敏性疾病。目的我们在西奈山儿童环境健康研究中估计了产前环境中的苯酚和邻苯二甲酸盐生物标志物与儿童呼吸道和过敏性结局的相关性。方法我们量化了三个月孕产妇样本中二苯甲酮3，双酚A，对二氯苯（作为2,5-二氯苯酚），三氯生和10种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的尿液生物标志物，并通过父母问卷调查了6岁时的哮喘，喘息和特应性皮肤状况和7岁（n = 164名儿童，共进行240次观察）。我们使用逻辑回归来估计自然对数生物标志物浓度中每个标准差的协变量调整后的优势比（OR）和95％置信区间（CI），并检查了儿童性别对效果量度的影响。结果产前2,5-二氯苯酚（所有结局）和双酚A（哮喘结局）的关联因儿童的性别而改变，男孩中结局的机率增加，而女孩中则没有。在男孩中，按生物标志物浓度的标准偏差计算的哮喘诊断OR分别为2,5-二氯苯酚为3.00（95％CI：1.36，6.59）和双酚A为3.04（95％CI：1.38，6.68）。仅女孩中的12个月与低分子量邻苯二甲酸酯代谢产物（OR：0.27，95％CI：0.13，0.59）呈负相关，而与所有儿童中的二苯甲酮3（OR：0.65，95％CI：0.44，0.96）。结论产前双酚A和对二氯苯暴露与男孩儿科呼吸道结局有关。未来的研究可能会揭示某些酚和邻苯二甲酸酯对呼吸系统疾病发展的生物学机制和潜在的性二态作用。