Perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells are potentially attractive, inexpensive solutions to surpass the power conversion efficiency limits of market-leading silicon solar cells. While such tandem solar cells have been demonstrated to reach high efficiencies, they require advanced light management to utilise the solar spectrum efficiently. Moreover, area upscaling with minimal optical losses is necessary to transfer the properties of lab scale devices to commercial scale products. Here, we demonstrate four-terminal perovskite–silicon tandem solar modules with efficient light management. With rigorous optical simulations of the complete tandem stack, we design light management concepts that minimise overall reflection and enhance complementary absorption of the subcells. The optical optimisation results in four-terminal tandem power conversion efficiencies of 25.3% on 0.13 cm² and 23.9% on 4 cm², both exceeding the stand-alone silicon solar cell power conversion efficiency of 23.0%.

中文翻译：

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钙钛矿–硅串联太阳能电池组件，具有最佳的光收集功能†

钙钛矿-硅串联太阳能电池是潜在有吸引力的廉价解决方案，可以超越市场领先的硅太阳能电池的功率转换效率极限。尽管已经证明这种串联太阳能电池可以达到很高的效率，但它们需要先进的光管理才能有效利用太阳光谱。而且，必须将面积最小的光学损失最小化才能将实验室规模的设备的性能转移到商业规模的产品。在这里，我们演示了具有有效光管理功能的四端子钙钛矿-硅串联太阳能电池组件。通过对整个串联堆叠进行严格的光学模拟，我们设计了光管理概念，以最大程度地减少总反射并增强子电池的互补吸收。4 cm ²上的²和23.9％都超过了独立硅太阳能电池功率转换效率23.0％。