Frailty is a multidimensional syndrome of decreased physiologic reserve that describes an older person’s vulnerability to health stressors. Frail patients have higher rates of morbidity, mortality, and hospital readmission and take longer to recover.^1,2

Failure to rescue (FTR), defined as death after a complication, is an endorsed quality measure. While rescue requires both timely recognition and appropriate treatment of complications, patient-level factors are also important. Because frailty is distinct from age and comorbidities, standard risk adjustment may not be adequate.

中文翻译：

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从术前评估到脆弱的术前优化

体弱是一种生理储备降低的多维综合症，描述了老年人对健康压力源的脆弱性。体弱的患者发病率，死亡率和住院率更高，康复时间也更长。^{1 ，2}

未能挽救（FTR）（定义为并发症发生后的死亡）是一项公认的质量衡量标准。尽管抢救既需要及时识别并适当治疗并发症，但患者水平的因素也很重要。由于身体虚弱与年龄和合并症不同，因此标准风险调整可能并不足够。