The rapid increase in production and usage of ZnO particles in recent years has instigated the concerns regarding their plausible effects on the environment. Current study explores the trophic transfer potential of ZnO particles of different sizes (50, 100 nm and bulk particles) from algae (Scenedesmus obliquus) to daphnia (Ceriodaphnia dubia) and the contribution of ZnO_(ions) (effect of dissolved Zn ions that remain in test medium after separation NPs) to the overall toxicity of ZnO_(total) (impact of both particle and dissolved Zn ions). Toxicity and uptake of ZnO_(total) and ZnO_(ions) in algae were found to be dependent on the concentration and particle size. Feeding of Zn accumulated algae (517 ± 28, 354.7 ± 61 and 291 ± 20 µg/g dry wt.) post-exposure to 61 µM of ZnO_(total) of 50, 100 nm and bulk ZnO particles caused a significant decrease in the survival (15–20%) of daphnia. A significant amount of Zn accumulation was observed in daphnia even after the 48 h depuration period. Biomagnification factor was found to be nearly 1 for all the sizes of ZnO particles tested. For 50 nm ZnO, the BMF was higher when compared to other two sizes, reaching the mean value of 1.06 ± 0.01 at 61 µM. Further analysis revealed that the dietary uptake of different sizes of ZnO particles caused ultra-structural damages and degradation of internal organs in daphnia.

近年来，ZnO颗粒的生产和使用量迅速增加，引发了人们对其对环境的合理影响的担忧。目前的研究探索了藻类（Scendesmus obliquus）到水蚤（Ceriodaphnia dubia）不同大小（50、100 nm和散装颗粒）的ZnO颗粒的营养传递潜力以及ZnO _（离子）的贡献（溶解的Zn离子残留的影响）在分离NP后的测试介质中）对ZnO的总体毒性_（总计）（颗粒和溶解的Zn离子的影响）。ZnO _（总量）和ZnO _{（离子）的}毒性和摄取发现藻类中的细菌含量取决于浓度和粒径。暴露后将Zn积累的藻类（517±28、354.7±61和291±20 µg / g干重）喂入61 µM的ZnO _（总量）为50、100 nm和大量的ZnO颗粒会导致ZnO的显着下降。蚤的存活率（15–20％）。即使在净化48小时后，在水蚤中也观察到大量的Zn积累。发现所有测试的ZnO颗粒的生物放大系数都接近1。对于50 nm的ZnO，与其他两种尺寸的BMF相比，BMF更高，在61 µM时达到1.06±0.01的平均值。进一步的分析表明，饮食中摄入不同尺寸的ZnO颗粒会导致水蚤的超微结构损伤和内部器官退化。