The circulation of tumor cells in peripheral blood is mostly recognized as a prerequisite for cancer progression or systemic invasion, and it correlates with the pivotal hallmark of malignancies known as metastasis. Multiple detection schemes for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have emerged as the most discerning criteria for monitoring the outcome of anticancer therapy. Therefore, there has been a tremendous increase in the use of robust nanostructured platforms for observation of these mobile tumor cells through various simultaneous diagnosis and treatment regimens developed from conventional techniques. This review seeks to give detailed information about the nature of CTCs as well as techniques for exploiting specific biomarkers to help monitor cancer via detection, capturing, and analysis of unstable tumor cells. We will further discuss nanobased diagnostic interventions and novel platforms which have recently been developed from versatile nanomaterials such as polymer nanocomposites, metal organic frameworks, bioderived nanomaterials and other physically responsive particles with desirable intrinsic and external properties. Herein, we will also include in vivo nanotheranostic platforms which have received a lot of attention because of their enormous clinical potential. In all, this review sums up the general potential of key promising nanoinspired systems as well as other advanced strategies under research and those in clinical use.

中文翻译：

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高效探测循环肿瘤细胞的功能性诊断和治疗性纳米构造

外周血中肿瘤细胞的循环通常被认为是癌症进展或全身性侵袭的先决条件，并且与称为转移的恶性肿瘤的关键标志相关。循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）的多种检测方案已成为监测抗癌治疗结果的最明确标准。因此，通过从常规技术发展而来的各种同时的诊断和治疗方案，使用坚固的纳米结构平台来观察这些可移动的肿瘤细胞已大大增加。这篇综述旨在提供有关CTC的性质以及利用特定生物标记物通过检测，捕获和分析不稳定的肿瘤细胞来帮助监测癌症的技术的详细信息。我们将进一步讨论基于纳米的诊断干预措施和新颖的平台，它们最近已从通用的纳米材料中开发出来，例如聚合物纳米复合材料，金属有机骨架，生物衍生的纳米材料以及其他具有所需内在和外部特性的物理响应性粒子。在此，我们还将包括体内纳米治疗平台，由于其巨大的临床潜力而受到了广泛的关注。总而言之，本综述总结了关键的有前途的纳米启发系统以及正在研究和临床应用中的其他高级策略的总体潜力。具有所需的固有和外部特性的生物衍生纳米材料和其他物理响应粒子。在此，我们还将包括体内纳米治疗平台，由于其巨大的临床潜力而受到了广泛的关注。总而言之，本综述总结了关键的有前途的纳米启发系统以及正在研究和临床应用中的其他高级策略的总体潜力。生物衍生的纳米材料和其他具有所需固有和外部特性的物理响应粒子。在此，我们还将包括体内纳米治疗平台，由于其巨大的临床潜力而受到了广泛的关注。总而言之，本综述总结了关键的有前途的纳米启发系统以及正在研究和临床应用中的其他高级策略的总体潜力。