Water pollution control has become significant challenges in recent years because of their extensive species diversity. It is critical to developing general-purpose materials for environmental rehabilitation. In this paper, a novel module-assembly method is developed to prepare multi-functional materials for treating pollutants in water. Building blocks are porous nanoparticles with a different function. Microspheres (MS) with a diameter of 90 μm are prepared and have a coefficient of variation of 6.8%. The modular fashion of self-assembly process in a microfluidic chip is the crucial factor in fabricating the multifunction material. The assembled microspheres with different building modules still have a specific surface area larger than 400 m² g⁻¹, and exhibit excellent performance in adsorbing various pollutants in water, such as heavy metal ions and organic dyes. The adsorption capacities of them to Hg²⁺ and orange II reach 150 mg g⁻¹ and 333 mg g⁻¹, respectively. The integrated fluorescence probes in microspheres can detect low concentration (9.8 ppb) of Hg²⁺. Microspheres integrated with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles have a magnetic susceptibility of 6.01 emu g⁻¹ and can be easily removed from wastewater by applying an external magnetic. Due to the stability of inorganic building blocks, each function in the assembled system is well performed, and multi-functional “All-in-One” materials can be easily fabricated.

由于水污染物种的广泛多样性，近年来水污染控制已成为重大挑战。开发用于环境修复的通用材料至关重要。本文提出了一种新型的模块组装方法，以制备用于处理水中污染物的多功能材料。构件是具有不同功能的多孔纳米颗粒。制备直径为90μm的微球（MS），其变异系数为6.8％。微流控芯片中自组装过程的模块化方式是制造多功能材料的关键因素。具有不同建筑模块的组装微球仍具有大于400 m ² g ^-1的比表面积，并且在吸附水中的各种污染物（例如重金属离子和有机染料）方面表现出出色的性能。它们对Hg ²⁺和橙II的吸附能力分别达到150 mg g ^-1和333 mg g ^-1。微球中集成的荧光探针可以检测到低浓度（9.8 ppb）的Hg ²⁺。集成有Fe ₃ O ₄纳米颗粒的微球的磁化率为6.01 emu g ^-1并且可以通过施加外部磁场很容易地从废水中去除。由于无机构件的稳定性，组装后的系统中的每个功能都可以很好地执行，并且可以轻松制造多功能的“多合一”材料。