We succeeded in the optimization of highly transparent Y₂O₃ ceramics with a submicrometer grain size approximately 0.6 μm by hot pressing (1300–1550 °C) and a subsequent HIP (1450 °C) treatment using commercial Y₂O₃ powders as starting powders and ZrO₂ as a sintering additive. The optimum microstructure for the HIP treatment was prepared by hot pressing at a temperature as low as 1400 °C for 3 h with a relative density of 99.3%. The thus HIP-treated specimen showed the best transmittance (2 mm thick) ever reported of 83.4% and 78.3% at 1100 and 400 nm, respectively. Specifically, the transmittance using this hybrid sintering method improved substantially in the visible range compared to that of the counterpart using hot pressing only. A simulation of the transmittance based on the Beer-Lambert law and Mie scattering theory has proved that this improvement is mainly due to the elimination of nanopores below 15 nm in size.

我们成功地通过热压（1300-1550°C）和随后的HIP（1450°C）处理，以商业Y ₂ O ₃粉末为起始原料，优化了亚微米级晶粒尺寸约为0.6μm的高透明Y ₂ O ₃陶瓷。粉末和ZrO ₂作为烧结添加剂。通过在低至1400°C的温度下热压3 h（相对密度为99.3％）来制备用于HIP处理的最佳微观结构。这样进行HIP处理的样品在1100和400 nm处显示出最佳的透射率（2毫米厚），分别为83.4％和78.3％。具体地，与仅使用热压的对应物相比，使用这种混合烧结法的透射率在可见光范围内显着提高。根据比尔-兰伯特定律和米氏散射理论对透射率进行的仿真证明，这种改进主要是由于消除了尺寸小于15 nm的纳米孔。