Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection has a high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. Owing to the inefficiency of the current diagnostic system and the absence of licensed vaccines against candidiasis, the prevention of C. albicans infection remains a challenge. C. albicans infection can be evaluated and prevented by the anti-secreted aspartyl proteinase 2 antibody (anti-Sap2 IgG) and Hsp90 antibody (anti-Hsp90 IgG). In this study, to explore a new agent for the improvement of the diagnosis and the prevention of C. albicans infection, an engineered fd bacteriophage, which is considered a human-safe virus nanofiber, was designed and prepared with two epitopes that could induce and capture anti-Sap2 IgG and anti-Hsp90 IgG. The dual-display phage was employed as a novel capture probe to develop a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, which significantly improved the detection rate compared with those of the ELISA in which recombinant protein Sap2 was used as coating antigen to capture the specific antibodies (rSap2-ELISA) and the ELISA in which recombinant protein Hsp90 was used as coating antigen to capture the specific antibodies (rHsp90-ELISA). In addition, the nanofibers acted as a potential vaccine to immunize mice, as well as recombinant proteins, more efficiently mediated humoral and cellular immune responses, decreased levels of C. albicans colonization, and increased the survival rates in C. albicans-infected mice. Therefore, the phage dual-display nanofiber has been shown to be a powerful bifunctional agent for protection against and sensitive detection of clinical infections, which has the potential to be widely used in the life sciences, clinical medicine, and environmental sciences.

中文翻译：

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无毒工程病毒纳米纤维可有效预防和检测真菌感染

白色念珠菌（白色念珠菌）感染在免疫功能低下的患者中具有很高的死亡率。由于当前的诊断系统效率低下并且缺乏针对念珠菌病的许可疫苗，因此预防白色念珠菌感染仍然是一个挑战。可通过抗分泌的天冬氨酰蛋白酶2抗体（抗Sap2 IgG）和Hsp90抗体（抗Hsp90 IgG）评估和预防白色念珠菌感染。在这项研究中，探索一种新的药物来改善白色念珠菌的诊断和预防感染后，设计并制备了一种工程化的fd噬菌体，它被认为是一种对人类安全的病毒纳米纤维，它具有两个可以诱导和捕获抗Sap2 IgG和抗Hsp90 IgG的抗原决定簇。采用双重展示噬菌体作为新型捕获探针，开发了一种新的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）方法，与使用重组蛋白Sap2作为包被抗原进行捕获的ELISA方法相比，该方法显着提高了检测率。特异性抗体（rSap2-ELISA）以及使用重组蛋白Hsp90作为包被抗原捕获特异性抗体的ELISA（rHsp90-ELISA）。此外，纳米纤维还可以作为一种疫苗来免疫小鼠以及重组蛋白，可以更有效地介导体液和细胞免疫反应，降低小鼠体内的水平。白色念珠菌定植，并增加了白色念珠菌感染的小鼠的存活率。因此，噬菌体双展示纳米纤维已被证明是一种强大的双功能剂，可防止和敏感地检测临床感染，具有被广泛用于生命科学，临床医学和环境科学的潜力。