Developing low-cost and simple electrochemical systems is becoming increasingly important but still challenged for multiplex experiments. Here we report a single-electrode electrochemical system (SEES) using only one electrode not only for a single experiment but also for multiplex experiments based on a resistance induced potential difference. SEESs for a single experiment and multiplex experiments are fabricated by attaching a self-adhesive label with a hole and multiple holes onto an ITO electrode, respectively. This enables multiplex electrochemiluminescence analysis with high sensitivity at a very low safe voltage using a smartphone as a detector. For the multiplex analysis, the SEES using a single electrode is much simpler, cheaper and more user-friendly than conventional electrochemical systems and bipolar electrochemical systems using electrode arrays. Moreover, SEESs are free from the electrochemiluminescent background problem from driving electrodes in bipolar electrochemical systems. Since numerous electrodes and cover materials can be used to fabricate SEESs readily and electrochemistry is being extensively used, SEESs are very promising for broad applications, such as drug screening and high throughput analysis.

中文翻译：

---

基于电阻感应电势差的用于多重电化学发光分析的单电极电化学系统†

开发低成本和简单的电化学系统变得越来越重要，但仍然面临多重实验的挑战。在这里，我们报告了一种仅使用一个电极的单电极电化学系统（SEES），不仅用于单个实验，而且基于电阻诱导的电势差用于多重实验。通过将具有一个孔和多个孔的自粘标签分别粘贴到ITO电极上，可以制备用于单个实验和多个实验的SEES。使用智能手机作为检测器，可以在非常低的安全电压下以高灵敏度进行多重电化学发光分析。对于多重分析，使用单个电极的SEES要简单得多，与使用电极阵列的常规电化学系统和双极电化学系统相比，更便宜，更用户友好。而且，SEES不受双极电化学系统中驱动电极的电化学发光背景问题的影响。由于可以使用大量的电极和覆盖材料轻松制造SEES，并且电化学方法得到广泛使用，因此SEES在诸如药物筛选和高通量分析等广泛应用中非常有前途。