The holy grail in nanoelectronics is the construction of nanodevices with high density, low cost, and high performance per device and per integrated circuit. One approach is the fabrication of surface nanostructures and atomic-scale templates via the autonomous assembly of atoms and/or molecules on well-defined surfaces. To steer the atomic or molecular growth processes and create a wide range of surface nanostructures with desired properties, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that control the surface self-assembly processes is required. The capability to manipulate the nanodevices at the submolecular level with good controllability is also of paramount importance. This review highlights some key recent developments in the fabrication of low-dimensional nanostructures based on supramolecular self-assembly on predefined surfaces, with particular emphasis on the rapidly expanding field of two-dimensional materials. Special attention is also given to the latest progress in single-molecule manipulation for future device applications.

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纳米器件的表面纳米结构形成和原子尺度模板

纳米电子学中的圣杯是具有高密度，低成本和每个器件和每个集成电路高性能的纳米器件的构造。一种方法是通过在明确定义的表面上自动组装原子和/或分子来制造表面纳米结构和原子级模板。为了控制原子或分子的生长过程并创建具有所需特性的各种表面纳米结构，需要对控制表面自组装过程的机理有全面的了解。在亚分子水平上以良好的可控制性操作纳米器件的能力也至关重要。这篇评论重点介绍了基于超分子自组装在预定义表面上制造低维纳米结构的一些重要最新进展，特别强调二维材料领域的快速发展。还特别关注了单分子操纵的最新进展，以应对未来的设备应用。