Recent developments in the field of oppositely charged polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes (PESCs) have been reviewed. Among the many developments in that field in particular very interesting is certainly the discovery of still new types of structural arrangements that arise from the complexity of the prevailing interactions, both in terms of electrostatics, as well as steric and specific interactions. More complex structures often arise from the architecture of the polyelectrolyte, such as the use of block copolymers or hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes. However, also the surfactant plays a role in the PESC structure and for instance bilayer forming surfactants can be induced by polyelectrolyte to form multilamellar assemblies. Of course, PESCs may exhibit responsiveness to changes of pH, temperature, chemical environment etc. and this even in a complex fashion as the polyelectrolyte and surfactant may respond here in a different fashion. Interesting observations also concern the control of rheological properties by PESCs that depend strongly on the properties of the polyelectrolyte and the extension of the formed mixed aggregates, as well as their bridging. An old topic is coacervate formation in such systems, but one that currently receives renewed attention, as various aspects here are still not fully understood and at the same time they are very promising for further applications in separation/sequestration. Often overlooked is the fact that PESCs are typically not static entities but instead highly dynamic systems and recent neutron spin-echo (NSE) measurements indicate that the local dynamics of polyelectrolyte chains is only little affected by the incorporation within such aggregates. Therefore PESCs are still a highly fascinating class of self-assembled structures, where a large number of interesting developments may still be expected in the future.

综述了带相反电荷的聚电解质-表面活性剂复合物（PESC）领域的最新进展。在该领域的许多发展中，特别令人感兴趣的当然是发现了新型结构布置，这种结构布置是由主要相互作用的复杂性引起的，无论是在静电方面，还是在空间和特定相互作用方面。聚电解质的结构通常会产生更复杂的结构，例如使用嵌段共聚物或疏水改性的聚电解质。然而，表面活性剂也在PESC结构中起作用，并且例如可以由聚电解质诱导形成双层的表面活性剂以形成多层组件。当然，PESC可能会对pH值，温度，化学环境等的变化产生响应。这甚至以复杂的方式出现，因为聚电解质和表面活性剂在这里可能以不同的方式响应。有趣的观察结果还涉及PESC对流变性质的控制，而PESC在很大程度上取决于聚电解质的性质和所形成的混合聚集体的延伸及其桥接。一个古老的话题是在这样的系统中形成凝聚层，但目前引起人们的广泛关注，因为这里的各个方面仍然没有被完全理解，同时，它们对于在分离/螯合中的进一步应用是非常有前途的。通常被忽略的事实是PESC通常不是静态实体，而是高度动态的系统，而最近的中子自旋回波（NSE）测量表明，聚电解质链的局部动力学几乎不受这种聚集体中掺入的影响。因此，PESC仍然是一类非常引人入胜的自组装结构，将来可能仍会期待大量有趣的发展。