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Formation of DBPs and halogen-specific TOX in the presence of iopamidol and chlorinated oxidants
Chemosphere ( IF 8.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-16 , DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.102
Nana Osei B. Ackerson , Edward J. Machek , Alexis H. Killinger , Elizabeth A. Crafton , Pushpita Kumkum , Hannah K. Liberatore , Michael J. Plewa , Susan D. Richardson , Thomas A. Ternes , Stephen E. Duirk

Iopamidol is a known direct precursor to iodinated and chlorinated DBP formation; however, the influence of iopamidol on both iodo/chloro-DBP formation has yet to be fully investigated. This study investigated the effect of iopamidol on the formation and speciation of halogen-specific total organic halogen (TOX), as well as iodo/chloro-DBPs, in the presence of 3 source waters (SWs) from Northeast Ohio and chlorinated oxidants. Chlorination and chloramination of SWs were carried out at pH 6.5–9.0 and, different iopamidol and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. Total organic iodine (TOI) loss was approximately equal (22–35%) regardless of SW. Total organic chlorine (TOCl) increased in all SWs and was substantially higher in the higher SUVA254 SWs. Iopamidol was a direct precursor to chloroform (CHCl3), trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), and dichloroiodomethane (CHCl2I) formation. While CHCl3 and TCAA exhibited different formation trends with varying iopamidol concentrations, CHCl2I increased with increasing iopamidol and DOC concentrations. Low concentrations of iodo-acids were detected without discernible trends. Total trihalomethanes (THMs), total haloacetic acids (HAAs), TOCl, and unknown TOCl (UTOCl) were correlated with fluorescence regional volumes and SUVA254. The yields of all these species showed a strong positive correlation with fulvic, humic, and combined humic and fulvic regions, as well as SUVA254. Iopamidol was then compared to the 3 SWs with respect to DBP yield. Although the SUVA254 of iopamidol was relatively high, it did not produce high yields of THMs and HAAs compared to the 3 SWs. However, chlorination of iopamidol did result in high yields of TOCl and UTOCl.



中文翻译:

在碘帕醇和氯化氧化剂的存在下,DBP和卤素特异性TOX的形成

碘帕醇是碘化和氯化DBP形成的已知直接前体。然而,碘帕醇对碘/氯代-DBP形成的影响尚待充分研究。这项研究调查了在来自俄亥俄州东北部的3种源水(SWs)和氯化氧化剂存在下,碘帕醇对卤素特异性总有机卤素(TOX)以及碘/氯-DBPs的形成和形态的影响。SW的氯化和氯化在pH 6.5-9.0以及不同的碘帕醇和溶解的有机碳(DOC)浓度下进行。不考虑SW,总有机碘(TOI)损失大致相等(22–35%)。所有SW中的总有机氯(TOCl)均增加,而较高的SUVA 254 SW中的总有机氯显着更高。碘帕醇是氯仿(CHCl)的直接前体3),三氯乙酸(TCAA)和二氯碘甲烷(CHCl 2 I)的形成。虽然CHCl 3和TCAA在不同的碘帕醇浓度下显示出不同的形成趋势,但CHCl 2 I随着碘帕米醇和DOC浓度的增加而增加。检测到低浓度的碘酸,没有明显的趋势。总三卤甲烷(THMs),总卤乙酸(HAAs),TOCl和未知的TOCl(UTOCl)与荧光区域体积和SUVA 254相关。所有这些物种的产量与腐殖质,腐殖质以及腐殖质和腐殖质的结合区域以及SUVA 254均显示出强烈的正相关关系。然后将碘帕醇与3种SW的DBP产量进行比较。尽管碘帕醇的SUVA 254相对较高,但与3种SW相比,它并未产生高产率的THM和HAA。但是,碘帕醇的氯化确实导致了TOCl和UTOCl的高收率。

更新日期:2018-03-16
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