Amphiphiles are a class of molecules which are known to assemble into a variety of nanostructures. The understanding and applications of self-assembled systems are based on what has been learned from biology. Among the vast number of self-assemblies, in this article, we have described the formation, characterization, and dynamics of two important biologically inspired assemblies: vesicles and fibrils. Vesicles, which can be classified into several categories depending on the sizes and components, are of great interest due to their potential applications in drug delivery and as nanoscale reactors. The structure and dynamics of vesicles can also mimic the complex geometry of the cell membrane. On the other hand, the self-assembly of proteins, peptides, and even single amino acids leads to a number of degenerative disorders. Thus, a complete understanding of these self-assembled systems is necessary. In this article, we discuss recent work on vesicular aggregates composed of phospholipids, fatty acids, and ionic as well as nonionic surfactants and single amino acid-based fibrils such as phenylalanine and tyrosine. Beside the characterization, we also emphasize the excited-state dynamics inside the aggregates for a proper understanding of the organization, reactivity, and heterogeneity of the aggregates.

中文翻译：

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两亲物自组装成囊泡和原纤维：使用光谱学和显微镜技术研究结构和动力学

两亲物是一类已知组装成各种纳米结构的分子。自组装系统的理解和应用是基于从生物学中学到的知识。在众多自组装中，本文描述了两个重要的受生物启发的组装：囊泡和原纤维的形成，表征和动力学。由于囊泡在药物递送和作为纳米级反应器中的潜在应用，因此囊泡可根据大小和组分分为几类，因此引起了极大的兴趣。囊泡的结构和动力学也可以模仿细胞膜的复杂几何形状。另一方面，蛋白质，肽甚至单个氨基酸的自组装会导致许多退行性疾病。因此，对这些自组装系统有完整的了解是必要的。在本文中，我们讨论了由磷脂，脂肪酸和离子型以及非离子型表面活性剂和单氨基酸基原纤维（如苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸）组成的囊泡聚集体的最新研究。除了表征之外，我们还强调了聚集体内部的激发态动态，以正确理解聚集体的组织，反应性和异质性。