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Protecting marine mammals, turtles, and birds by rebuilding global fisheries
Science ( IF 56.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-15 , DOI: 10.1126/science.aao4248
Matthew G. Burgess 1, 2 , Grant R. McDermott 1, 3 , Brandon Owashi 1, 2 , Lindsey E. Peavey Reeves 1, 4 , Tyler Clavelle 1, 2 , Daniel Ovando 1, 2 , Bryan P. Wallace 5, 6 , Rebecca L. Lewison 7 , Steven D. Gaines 1, 2 , Christopher Costello 1, 2
Affiliation  

Healthy fisheries can reduce bycatch Bycatch of marine mammals, turtles, and birds during commercial fishing is a considerable threat. Activities intended to reduce bycatch are often thought to conflict with commercial fishing. However, Burgess et al. show that in the majority of cases, managing fishery stocks to best promote long-term sustainability would also reduce bycatch. Rebuilding fish stocks will naturally promote lower bycatch, and these factors together will facilitate sustainable profit generation from fish harvest. Science, this issue p. 1255 Rebuilding fishery stocks will also promote recovery of threatened marine mammals, turtles, and birds. Reductions in global fishing pressure are needed to end overfishing of target species and maximize the value of fisheries. We ask whether such reductions would also be sufficient to protect non–target species threatened as bycatch. We compare changes in fishing pressure needed to maximize profits from 4713 target fish stocks—accounting for >75% of global catch—to changes in fishing pressure needed to reverse ongoing declines of 20 marine mammal, sea turtle, and seabird populations threatened as bycatch. We project that maximizing fishery profits would halt or reverse declines of approximately half of these threatened populations. Recovering the other populations would require substantially greater effort reductions or targeting improvements. Improving commercial fishery management could thus yield important collateral benefits for threatened bycatch species globally.

中文翻译:

通过重建全球渔业保护海洋哺乳动物、海龟和鸟类

健康的渔业可以减少兼捕 商业捕捞期间海洋哺乳动物、海龟和鸟类的兼捕是一个相当大的威胁。旨在减少兼捕的活动通常被认为与商业捕鱼相冲突。然而,伯吉斯等人。表明在大多数情况下,管理渔业种群以最好地促进长期可持续性也将减少兼捕。重建鱼类种群自然会促进减少兼捕,这些因素共同促进鱼类收获的可持续利润。科学,这个问题 p。1255 重建渔业种群也将促进受威胁的海洋哺乳动物、海龟和鸟类的恢复。需要减少全球捕捞压力以结束对目标物种的过度捕捞并使渔业价值最大化。我们询问这种减少是否也足以保护受兼捕威胁的非目标物种。我们将 4713 种目标鱼类种群(占全球捕捞量的 75% 以上)的利润最大化所需的捕捞压力变化与扭转受兼捕威胁的 20 种海洋哺乳动物、海龟和海鸟种群持续下降所需的捕捞压力变化进行了比较。我们预计,最大限度地提高渔业利润将阻止或扭转这些受威胁种群中大约一半的下降趋势。恢复其他种群需要大幅减少工作量或有针对性地改进。因此,改善商业渔业管理可为全球受威胁的兼捕物种带来重要的附带利益。我们将 4713 种目标鱼类种群(占全球捕捞量的 75% 以上)的利润最大化所需的捕捞压力变化与扭转受兼捕威胁的 20 种海洋哺乳动物、海龟和海鸟种群持续下降所需的捕捞压力变化进行了比较。我们预计,最大限度地提高渔业利润将阻止或扭转这些受威胁种群中大约一半的下降趋势。恢复其他种群将需要大幅减少工作量或有针对性地改进。因此,改善商业渔业管理可为全球受威胁的兼捕物种带来重要的附带利益。我们将 4713 种目标鱼类种群(占全球捕捞量的 75% 以上)的利润最大化所需的捕捞压力变化与扭转受兼捕威胁的 20 种海洋哺乳动物、海龟和海鸟种群持续下降所需的捕捞压力变化进行了比较。我们预计,最大限度地提高渔业利润将阻止或扭转这些受威胁种群中大约一半的下降趋势。恢复其他种群将需要大幅减少工作量或有针对性地改进。因此,改善商业渔业管理可为全球受威胁的兼捕物种带来重要的附带利益。和海鸟种群因兼捕而受到威胁。我们预计,最大限度地提高渔业利润将阻止或扭转这些受威胁种群中大约一半的下降趋势。恢复其他种群将需要大幅减少工作量或有针对性地改进。因此,改善商业渔业管理可为全球受威胁的兼捕物种带来重要的附带利益。和海鸟种群因兼捕而受到威胁。我们预计,最大限度地提高渔业利润将阻止或扭转这些受威胁种群中大约一半的下降趋势。恢复其他种群将需要大幅减少工作量或有针对性地改进。因此,改善商业渔业管理可为全球受威胁的兼捕物种带来重要的附带利益。
更新日期:2018-03-15
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