It is hypothesized that the cerebellum implements a forward internal model that transforms motor commands into predictions about upcoming movements. The predictions are compared with sensory feedback to generate sensory prediction errors critical to controlling movements. The simple spike firing of cerebellar Purkinje cells both lead and lag movement consistent with representations of motor predictions and sensory feedback. This study tests whether this leading and lagging modulation provides the prediction and sensory feedback necessary to compute sensory prediction errors. Two manipulations of the visual feedback are used in rhesus monkeys performing pseudo-random tracking. Consistent with a forward model, delaying the visual feedback demonstrates that the leading simple spike modulation with position error is time-locked to the hand movement. Reducing the feedback shows that the lagged modulation is directly driven by visual inputs. Therefore, Purkinje cell discharge carries both the motor predictions and sensory feedback required of a forward internal model.

中文翻译：

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视觉反馈操作期间浦肯野细胞中的感觉预测误差的调节。

假设小脑实现了向前的内部模型，该模型将运动命令转换为对即将发生的运动的预测。将预测与感觉反馈进行比较，以生成对控制运动至关重要的感觉预测误差。小脑浦肯野细胞的简单尖峰发射既导致运动又发生滞后运动，与运动预测和感觉反馈的表现相一致。这项研究测试了这种超前和滞后调制是否提供了计算感官预测误差所必需的预测和感官反馈。在执行伪随机跟踪的恒河猴中使用了视觉反馈的两种处理方式。与正向模型一致，延迟视觉反馈表明具有位置误差的领先的简单尖峰调制被时间锁定在手部运动上。减少反馈表明，滞后调制直接由视觉输入驱动。因此，浦肯野细胞放电携带了向前的内部模型所需的运动预测和感觉反馈。