The purpose of this review is to collect and compare fish intervention studies. Prospective studies have outlined the beneficial effect of frequent fish consumption on cardiovascular incidents that is attributed to n-3 fatty acids incorporated in fish, mainly eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. This outcome triggered clinical trials to examine the effect of either fish intake or consumption of n-3 fatty acids via capsules on biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The absence of a recent review focusing on clinical trials regarding fish intake and not n-3 fatty acids supplements rendered necessary the composition of this article. In total, 28 studies on healthy volunteers were found to meet the inclusion criteria. With EPA and DHA intake varying between 0.03 to 5 g per day, biomarkers, such as triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein and platelet aggregation, tended to ameliorate when daily intake exceeded 1 g per day, while the most common inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein, was not affected. In all, fish consumption gives promising results; yet fish micronutrients, total diet fat, as well as other dietary habits may also affect biomarkers. Therefore, all these factors should be considered in future clinical trials in order for one to draw more reliable conclusions.

中文翻译：

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鱼类食用与心血管疾病相关的生物标志物：临床试验综述

本文的目的是收集和比较鱼类干预研究。前瞻性研究概述了经常食用鱼类对心血管事件的有益影响，这归因于鱼类中掺入的n-3脂肪酸，主要是二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）酸。这一结果引发了临床试验，以检查鱼类摄入或通过胶囊摄入n-3脂肪酸对与心血管疾病（CVD）相关的生物标记物的影响。缺乏针对鱼类摄入而不是n-3脂肪酸补充剂的临床试验的最新综述，使得本文的构成必不可少。总共有28项关于健康志愿者的研究符合纳入标准。每天EPA和DHA的摄入量在0.03到5 g之间变化，生物标志物（例如甘油三酸酯）当每日摄入量超过每天1 g时，高密度脂蛋白和血小板聚集趋于改善，而最常见的炎症标记物C反应蛋白未受影响。总体而言，鱼类消费产生了可喜的结果；然而鱼类微量营养素，总饮食脂肪以及其他饮食习惯也可能会影响生物标志物。因此，在未来的临床试验中应考虑所有这些因素，以便得出更可靠的结论。