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Multifunctional Efficiency: Extending the Concept of Atom Economy to Functional Nanomaterials
ACS Nano ( IF 17.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-13 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00932
Ralph Freund , Ulrich Lächelt , Tobias Gruber , Bastian Rühle 1 , Stefan Wuttke
Affiliation  

Green chemistry, in particular, the principle of atom economy, has defined new criteria for the efficient and sustainable production of synthetic compounds. In complex nanomaterials, the number of embedded functional entities and the energy expenditure of the assembly process represent additional compound-associated parameters that can be evaluated from an economic viewpoint. In this Perspective, we extend the principle of atom economy to the study and characterization of multifunctionality in nanocarriers, which we define as “multifunctional efficiency”. This concept focuses on the design of highly active nanomaterials by maximizing integrated functional building units while minimizing inactive components. Furthermore, synthetic strategies aim to minimize the number of steps and unique reagents required to make multifunctional nanocarriers. The ultimate goal is to synthesize a nanocarrier that is highly specialized but practical and simple to make. Owing to straightforward crystal engineering, metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles are an excellent example to illustrate the idea behind this concept and have the potential to emerge as next-generation drug delivery systems. Here, we highlight examples showing how the combination of the properties of MOFs (e.g., their organic–inorganic hybrid nature, high surface area, and biodegradability) and induced systematic modifications and functionalizations of the MOF’s scaffold itself lead to a nanocarrier with high multifunctional efficiency.

中文翻译:

多功能效率:将原子经济的概念扩展到功能纳米材料

绿色化学,尤其是原子经济原理,为有效,可持续地生产合成化合物定义了新的标准。在复杂的纳米材料中,嵌入的功能实体的数量和组装过程的能量消耗代表了可以从经济角度进行评估的其他与化合物相关的参数。在此观点中,我们将原子经济的原理扩展到纳米载体中多功能性的研究和表征,我们将其定义为“多功能效率”。该概念专注于通过最大化集成功能构建单元同时最小化非活性成分来设计高活性纳米材料。此外,合成策略旨在最小化制造多功能纳米载体所需的步骤和独特试剂的数量。最终目标是合成高度专业化但实用且易于制造的纳米载体。由于简单的晶体工程,金属-有机骨架(MOF)纳米粒子是一个很好的例子,可以说明这一概念背后的思想,并且有可能成为下一代药物递送系统。在这里,我们重点介绍显示MOF属性组合的示例(例如,它们的有机-无机杂合性质,高表面积和可生物降解性)以及对MOF支架本身的系统修饰和功能化导致了具有高多功能效率的纳米载体。
更新日期:2018-03-13
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