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Cytokinin activity of N 6 -benzyladenine derivatives assayed by interaction with the receptors in planta, in vitro, and in silico
Phytochemistry ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-05-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.02.008
Ekaterina M. Savelieva , Vladimir E. Oslovsky , Dmitry S. Karlov , Nikolay N. Kurochkin , Irina A. Getman , Sergey N. Lomin , Georgy V. Sidorov , Sergey N. Mikhailov , Dmitry I. Osolodkin , Georgy A. Romanov

Biological effects of hormones in both plants and animals are based on high-affinity interaction with cognate receptors resulting in their activation. The signal of cytokinins, classical plant hormones, is perceived in Arabidopsis by three homologous membrane receptors: AHK2, AHK3, and CRE1/AHK4. To study the cytokinin-receptor interaction, we used 25 derivatives of potent cytokinin N6-benzyladenine (BA) with substituents in the purine heterocycle and/or in the side chain. The study was focused primarily on individual cytokinin receptors from Arabidopsis. The main in planta assay system was based on Arabidopsis double mutants retaining only one isoform of cytokinin receptors and harboring cytokinin-sensitive reporter gene. Classical cytokinin biotest with Amaranthus seedlings was used as an additional biotest. In parallel, the binding of ligands to individual cytokinin receptors was assessed in the in vitro test system. Quantitative comparison of results of different assays confirmed the partial similarity of ligand-binding properties of receptor isoforms. Substituents at positions 8 and 9 of adenine moiety, elongated linker up to 4 methylene units, and replacement of N6 by sulfur or oxygen have resulted in the suppression of cytokinin activity of the derivative toward all receptors. Introduction of a halogen into position 2 of adenine moiety, on the contrary, often increased the ligand activity, especially toward AHK3. Features both common and distinctive of cytokinin receptors in Arabidopsis and Amaranthus were revealed, highlighting species specificity of the cytokinin perception apparatus. Correlations between the extent to which a compound binds to a receptor in vitro and its ability to activate the same receptor in planta were evaluated for each AHK protein. Interaction patterns between individual receptors and ligands were rationalized by structure analysis and molecular docking in sensory modules of AHK receptors. The best correlation between docking scores and specific binding was observed for AHK3. In addition, receptor-specific ligands have been discovered with unique properties to predominantly activate or block distinct cytokinin receptors. These ligands are promising for practical application and as molecular tools in the study of the cytokinin perception by plant cells.

中文翻译:

N 6 -苄基腺嘌呤衍生物的细胞分裂素活性通过与植物、体外和计算机中受体的相互作用进行测定

激素在植物和动物中的生物学效应是基于与同源受体的高亲和力相互作用导致它们的激活。细胞分裂素(经典植物激素)的信号在拟南芥中被三种同源膜受体感知:AHK2、AHK3 和 CRE1/AHK4。为了研究细胞分裂素-受体相互作用,我们使用了 25 种有效细胞分裂素 N6-苄基腺嘌呤 (BA) 的衍生物,在嘌呤杂环和/或侧链中具有取代基。该研究主要集中在来自拟南芥的单个细胞分裂素受体。植物分析系统的主要内容是基于拟南芥双突变体,仅保留一种细胞分裂素受体的同种型并含有细胞分裂素敏感的报告基因。使用苋菜幼苗的经典细胞分裂素生物测试作为额外的生物测试。在平行下,在体外测试系统中评估了配体与单个细胞分裂素受体的结合。不同测定结果的定量比较证实了受体同种型的配体结合特性的部分相似性。腺嘌呤部分 8 和 9 位的取代基、延长至 4 个亚甲基单元的接头以及用硫或氧替换 N6 导致该衍生物对所有受体的细胞分裂素活性受到抑制。相反,将卤素引入腺嘌呤部分的 2 位通常会增加配体活性,尤其是对 AHK3 的活性。揭示了拟南芥和苋菜中细胞分裂素受体的共同和独特特征,突出了细胞分裂素感知装置的物种特异性。对于每种 AHK 蛋白,评估了化合物在体外与受体结合的程度与其激活植物中相同受体的能力之间的相关性。通过结构分析和 AHK 受体感觉模块中的分子对接,个体受体和配体之间的相互作用模式被合理化。对于 AHK3,观察到对接分数和特异性结合之间的最佳相关性。此外,已经发现具有独特性质的受体特异性配体主要激活或阻断不同的细胞分裂素受体。这些配体有望用于实际应用,并可作为研究植物细胞对细胞分裂素感知的分子工具。通过结构分析和 AHK 受体感觉模块中的分子对接,个体受体和配体之间的相互作用模式被合理化。对于 AHK3,观察到对接分数和特异性结合之间的最佳相关性。此外,已经发现具有独特性质的受体特异性配体主要激活或阻断不同的细胞分裂素受体。这些配体有望用于实际应用,并可作为研究植物细胞对细胞分裂素感知的分子工具。通过结构分析和 AHK 受体感觉模块中的分子对接,个体受体和配体之间的相互作用模式被合理化。对于 AHK3,观察到对接分数和特异性结合之间的最佳相关性。此外,已经发现具有独特性质的受体特异性配体主要激活或阻断不同的细胞分裂素受体。这些配体有望用于实际应用,并可作为研究植物细胞对细胞分裂素感知的分子工具。已经发现具有独特特性的受体特异性配体主要激活或阻断不同的细胞分裂素受体。这些配体有望用于实际应用,并可作为研究植物细胞对细胞分裂素感知的分子工具。已经发现具有独特特性的受体特异性配体主要激活或阻断不同的细胞分裂素受体。这些配体有望用于实际应用,并可作为研究植物细胞对细胞分裂素感知的分子工具。
更新日期:2018-05-01
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