Abstract Temperature sensing at micro/nano scale with materials by direct fluorescence excitation is widely used in the recent years. Here, we report the green hydrothermal synthesis of sulfur-doped carbon nanoparticles (S-CNPs) from inexpensive precursors such as sucrose and sodium thiosulfate. The resultant S-CNPs exhibit luminescence both in aqueous and solid states. The variation of steady–state photoluminescence intensity of S-CNPs with temperature is investigated and the sensitivity of S-CNPs solid film with 355 nm excitation is found to be 2.63 × 10−2 K−1, which is slightly higher than that with 532 nm excitation (2.15 × 10−2 K−1). The activation energy is found to be 141.87 and 30.7 meV for 355 and 532 nm excitation, respectively. Similarly, the sensitivity of S-CNPs in solution is found to be 7.3 × 10−3 K−1 and the the range of temperature is wider than physiological range (288–333 K) which suggests that S-CNPs can be used in the biological cells temperature sensing as well. Overall, the results suggest that S-CNPs can be used as nano thermometers.

中文翻译：

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使用掺硫碳纳米颗粒进行温度传感

摘要 近年来，材料直接荧光激发的微纳尺度温度传感得到广泛应用。在这里，我们报告了从廉价的前体（如蔗糖和硫代硫酸钠）中绿色水热合成掺硫碳纳米粒子 (S-CNPs)。所得的 S-CNPs 在水相和固态下均显示发光。研究了 S-CNPs 稳态光致发光强度随温度的变化，发现 S-CNPs 固体薄膜在 355 nm 激发下的灵敏度为 2.63 × 10−2 K−1，略高于 532 nm 激发（2.15 × 10-2 K-1）。发现对于 355 和 532 nm 激发，活化能分别为 141.87 和 30.7 meV。同样，发现溶液中 S-CNP 的灵敏度为 7。3 × 10-3 K-1 并且温度范围比生理范围（288-333 K）更宽，这表明 S-CNPs 也可用于生物细胞温度传感。总体而言，结果表明 S-CNP 可用作纳米温度计。