Polyaniline/graphene composites constitute an important class of electrode materials for supercapacitors. In this paper, we designed a new self-assembly method for preparing polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide three-dimensional porous composite gels with molecular-level uniformity even at a very high PANI content (>80%). The method involves two successive self-assembly processes, namely, two-dimensional assembly of polyaniline on graphene oxide sheets in a water/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone blend solvent, and three-dimensional reduction-assembly of the obtained polyaniline/graphene oxide composite sheets. The prepared polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide composite gels possess a three-dimensional porous network composed of reduced graphene oxide sheets, which are covered by polyaniline molecules with controlled content. Because of this favorable microstructure, the composite shows a high specific capacitance of 808 F g⁻¹ (5717 mF cm⁻²) at a current density of 53.33 A g⁻¹ (377.4 mA cm⁻²), as well as excellent rate performance. These results demonstrate that two-step self-assembly is a promising method for precisely controlling the microstructure of reduced graphene oxide based composite electrode materials.

中文翻译：

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用于高性能超级电容器的分子水平均匀性的多孔聚苯胺/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料的自组装途径†

聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料是用于超级电容器的一类重要的电极材料。在本文中，我们设计了一种新的自组装方法，以制备即使在非常高的PANI含量（> 80％）下也具有分子水平均匀性的聚苯胺/还原氧化石墨烯三维多孔复合凝胶。该方法涉及两个连续的自组装过程，即在水/ N中将聚苯胺在氧化石墨烯片上进行二维组装。-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮共混溶剂，以及所得聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯复合片材的三维还原组装。所制备的聚苯胺/还原氧化石墨烯复合凝胶具有三维多孔网络，该三维多孔网络由还原氧化石墨烯片组成，其被具有受控含量的聚苯胺分子覆盖。由于这种良好的微观结构，复合材料在电流密度为53.33 A g ^-1（377.4 mA cm ^-2）时显示出808 F g ^-1（5717 mF cm ^-2）的高比电容。），以及出色的汇率表现。这些结果表明，两步自组装是一种精确控制还原的氧化石墨烯基复合电极材料微观结构的有前途的方法。