Toxic and hazardous chemical species are ubiquitous, predominantly emitted by anthropogenic activities, and pose serious risks to human health and the environment. Thus, the sensing and subsequent capture of these chemicals, especially in the gas or vapor phase, are of extreme importance. To this end, metal–organic frameworks have attracted significant interest, as their high porosity and wide tunability make them ideal for both applications. These tailorable framework materials are particularly promising for the specific sensing and capture of targeted chemicals, as they can be designed to fit a diverse range of required conditions. This review will discuss the advantages of metal–organic frameworks in the sensing and capture of harmful gases and vapors, as well as principles and strategies guiding the design of these materials. Recent progress in the luminescent detection of aromatic and aliphatic volatile organic compounds, toxic gases, and chemical warfare agents will be summarized, and the adsorptive removal of fluorocarbons/chlorofluorocarbons, volatile radioactive species, toxic industrial gases and chemical warfare agents will be discussed.

中文翻译：

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金属有机框架感测和捕获有毒有害气体和蒸气

有毒和有害化学物质无处不在，主要由人为活动释放，对人类健康和环境构成严重威胁。因此，特别是在气相或气相中，这些化学物质的感测和随后的捕获极为重要。为此，金属有机框架吸引了极大的兴趣，因为它们的高孔隙率和广泛的可调谐性使其成为两种应用的理想选择。这些可定制的框架材料特别适合针对目标化学物质的特定感测和捕获，因为它们可以设计为适合各种要求的条件。本文将讨论金属有机框架在检测和捕获有害气体和蒸气方面的优势，以及指导这些材料设计的原理和策略。