Underwater superoleophobic surfaces have attracted increasing interest because of their remarkable antioil ability and wide range of promising applications. In the meantime, femtosecond laser microfabrication becomes a rising star in the field of micro/nanomanufacturing based on the advantages of negligible heat‐affected zone, no‐contact process, precise ablation threshold, and high resolution. The collision of femtosecond laser microfabrication and achieving underwater superoleophobicity finally produces some colorful fireworks. In this review, the recent progress of femtosecond‐laser‐induced underwater superoleophobic surfaces, mainly including materials, fabrication, properties, multifunctions, and applications, is summarized. The related background is first introduced to show the principle for creating an underwater superoleophobic surface and the unique features of femtosecond laser. Based on the principle of “from in‐air superhydrophilicity to underwater superoleophobicity,” underwater superoleophobicity is achieved on different kinds of materials surfaces by simple femtosecond laser ablation. Furthermore, the femtosecond‐laser‐induced underwater superoleophobic surfaces can also be endowed with some additional properties such as controllable oil adhesion, underwater anisotropic oil wettability, good transparency, and durability, leading to the resultant surfaces that have various practical applications. The development of underwater superoleophobicity is still in its “toddler stage,” so the existing challenges and future prospects of this growing field are discussed finally.

中文翻译：

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飞秒激光诱导的水下超疏油性表面研究综述

水下超疏油表面由于其卓越的抗油能力和广泛的应用前景而引起了越来越多的关注。同时，飞秒激光微细加工因其受热区可忽略不计，无接触工艺，精确的烧蚀阈值和高分辨率等优点而成为微/纳米制造领域的后起之秀。飞秒激光微加工的碰撞和实现水下超疏油性最终产生了一些五彩缤纷的烟花。本文综述了飞秒激光诱导的水下超疏油表面的最新进展，主要包括材料，制造，性能，多功能和应用。首先介绍了相关背景技术，以展示创建水下超疏油性表面的原理以及飞秒激光的独特功能。基于“从空中超亲水性到水下超疏油性”的原理，通过简单的飞秒激光烧蚀可在不同类型的材料表面上实现水下超疏油性。此外，飞秒激光诱导的水下超疏油表面还具有一些其他特性，例如可控的油附着力，水下各向异性的油润湿性，良好的透明度和耐用性，从而使所得的表面具有各种实际应用。水下超疏油性的发展仍处于“幼儿阶段”，