Temporal imaging systems are outstanding tools for single-shot observation of optical signals that have irregular and ultrafast dynamics. They allow long time windows to be recorded with femtosecond resolution, and do not rely on complex algorithms. However, simultaneous recording of amplitude and phase remains an open challenge for these systems. Here, we present a new heterodyne time-lens arrangement that efficiently records both the amplitude and phase of complex and random signals over large temporal windows (tens of picoseconds). Phase and time are encoded onto the two spatial dimensions of a camera. We implement this phase-sensitive time-lens system in two configurations: a time microscope and a digital temporal-holography device that enables single-shot measurement with a temporal resolution of ~80 fs. We demonstrate direct application of our heterodyne time-lens to turbulent-like optical fields and optical rogue waves generated from nonlinear propagation of partially coherent waves inside optical fibres.

时间成像系统是用于单次观察具有不规则和超快速动态的光信号的出色工具。它们允许以飞秒分辨率记录长时间的窗口，并且不依赖复杂的算法。但是，同时记录振幅和相位对于这些系统仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们提出了一种新的外差时间镜头配置，可以有效地记录大时间窗口（数十皮秒）内复杂信号和随机信号的幅度和相位。相位和时间被编码到摄像机的两个空间维度上。我们采用两种配置来实现此相敏时间透镜系统：时间显微镜和数字时间全息设备，该设备能够以约80 fs的时间分辨率进行单次测量。