Since the discovery of osteoinduction in the early 20th century, innovative biomaterials with osteoinductive potential have emerged as candidates for bone repair. Recently, artificial protocell models have demonstrated great potential for tissue regeneration. Herein, we developed artificial bioactive proto-osteocells by self-assembly of biodegradable biphasic-phosphate particles in the form of aqueous bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-containing Pickering emulsions in corn oil to fulfill the release of BMP2 with controlled and local efficacy. These artificial proto-osteocells have the advantage of (1) being directly injected into the target location to avert reported side effects of BMP2, minimizing surgical complications, (2) exhibiting the capability of osteoinduction as shown in both in vitro and in vivo models, and (3) demonstrating calcific deposition locally by utilizing the biodegradable calcium phosphate shell. The efficiency of BMP2 within the artificial proto-osteocells showed 25 times greater bone-inducing potential when compared to the control. This study demonstrates for the first time a new strategy toward utilizing material-based artificial proto-osteocells to tackle medical issues in bone tissue repair and regeneration.

中文翻译：

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无机自组装生物活性人工骨细胞诱导骨再生。

自20世纪初发现骨诱导以来，具有骨诱导潜力的创新生物材料就已经出现，可以作为骨修复的候选材料。近来，人工原始细胞模型已经证明了组织再生的巨大潜力。在这里，我们通过自组装可生物降解的双相磷酸盐颗粒的形式，在玉米油中以含水骨形态发生蛋白2（BMP2）的Pickering乳剂的形式自组装，从而开发出具有人工生物活性的原代成骨细胞，以实现BMP2的释放，且具有受控和局部功效。这些人造原骨细胞的优点是：（1）直接注射到靶标位置，以防止已报告的BMP2副作用，最大程度地减少手术并发症；（2）具有体外和体内模型所显示的骨诱导能力，（3）通过利用可生物降解的磷酸钙壳来证明局部钙化沉积。与对照相比，人工原代骨细胞中BMP2的效率显示出25倍的骨诱导潜力。这项研究首次展示了一种利用基于材料的人工原代成骨细胞来解决骨组织修复和再生中医学问题的新策略。