Sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) have attracted more and more attention as economic alternatives for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Sodium super ionic conductor (NASICON) structure materials, known for high conductivity and chemical diffusion coefficient of Na⁺ (≈10⁻¹⁴ cm² s⁻¹), are promising electrode materials for NIBs. However, NASICON structure materials often suffer from low electrical conductivity (<10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹), which hinders their electrochemical performance. Here high performance sodium storage performance in Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ (NVP) is realized by optimizing nanostructure and rational surface engineering. A N, B codoped carbon coated three‐dimensional (3D) flower‐like Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ composite (NVP@C‐BN) is designed to enable fast ions/electrons transport, high‐surface controlled energy storage, long‐term structural integrity, and high‐rate cycling. The conductive 3D interconnected porous structure of NVP@C‐BN greatly releases mechanical stress from Na⁺ extraction/insertion. In addition, extrinsic defects and active sites introduced by the codoping heteroatoms (N, B) both enhance Na⁺ and e⁻ diffusion. The NVP@C‐BN displays excellent electrochemical performance as the cathode, delivering reversible capacity of 70% theoretical capacity at 100 C after 2000 cycles. When used as anode, the NVP@C‐BN also shows super long cycle life (38 mA h g⁻¹ at 20 C after 5000 cycles). The design provides a novel approach to open up possibilities for designing high‐power NIBs.

中文翻译：

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通过优化纳米结构和合理的表面工程，在Na3V2（PO4）3中高度可逆的Na储存

作为锂离子电池（LIB）的经济替代品，钠离子电池（NIB）引起了越来越多的关注。钠超离子导体（NASICON）结构的材料，高导电性和Na的化学扩散系数已知⁺（≈10 ^-14厘米^2个小号^-1），是有前途的电极材料为发钞。然而，NASICON结构材料经常遭受低电导率（<10 ^-4 S cm ^-1）的困扰，这阻碍了它们的电化学性能。Na ₃ V ₂（PO ₄）_3中的高性能钠存储性能（NVP）是通过优化纳米结构和合理的表面工程实现的。AN，B共掺杂碳包覆的三维（3D）花状Na ₃ V ₂（PO ₄）₃复合材料（NVP @ C-BN）旨在实现快速的离子/电子传输，高表面受控的能量存储，长距离长期的结构完整性和高循环率。NVP @ C-BN的导电3D互连多孔结构极大地释放了Na ⁺提取/插入带来的机械应力。另外，非本征缺陷和活性位点处引入由共掺杂的杂原子（N，B）都提高的Na ⁺和e ^-扩散。NVP @ C-BN作为阴极显示出优异的电化学性能，在2000次循环后，在100°C时可逆容量达到理论容量的70％。当用作阳极时，NVP @ C-BN还显示出超长的循环寿命（5000次循环后，在20 C时为38 mA hg ^-1）。该设计提供了一种新颖的方法，为设计大功率NIB提供了可能性。