Rarely polymer-grafted nanoparticles are shown to be able to self-assemble into stable nanostructures of different morphologies. The driving force for the assembly is a competition between a short-range attraction of the nanoparticles and long-range repulsion of the grafted chains. Effects of the solvent quality for the nanoparticles, grafting density and the length of the chains are studied. We have shown that non-spherical vesicles resembling a monocrystal can be stable in dilute solution. In them, the wall represents a sheet of hexagonally packed nanoparticles which sharply bends to become closed forming facets and edges. Improving solvent quality leads to a cascade of transitions: vesicles - tubes - perforated sheets - threads. Adsorption of the nanoparticles on a solvophobic surface can result in their 2D self-assembly. We have predicted ordering of the nanoparticles into a hexagonal network similar to the structure of graphene sheets. Schematic diagrams of states in 2D and 3D are constructed.

很少有聚合物接枝的纳米颗粒能够自组装成不同形态的稳定纳米结构。组装的驱动力是纳米颗粒的短程吸引与接枝链的长程排斥之间的竞争。研究了溶剂质量对纳米颗粒，接枝密度和链长的影响。我们已经表明，类似于单晶的非球形囊泡在稀溶液中可以稳定。在其中，壁代表一片六边形堆积的纳米粒子，该纳米粒子急剧弯曲以变成封闭的小平面和边缘。溶剂质量的提高导致一系列过渡：囊泡-管-穿孔板-线。纳米颗粒在疏溶剂性表面上的吸附可导致其二维自组装。我们已经预测了纳米颗粒到类似于石墨烯片结构的六边形网络的有序化。构造了2D和3D状态的示意图。