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Convergence of marine megafauna movement patterns in coastal and open oceans [Ecology]
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ( IF 11.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-20 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716137115
A. M. M. Sequeira 1, 2 , J. P. Rodríguez 3 , V. M. Eguíluz 3 , R. Harcourt 4 , M. Hindell 5 , D. W. Sims 6, 7, 8 , C. M. Duarte 1, 9 , D. P. Costa 10 , J. Fernández-Gracia 3 , L. C. Ferreira 11 , G. C. Hays 12 , M. R. Heupel 13 , M. G. Meekan 11 , A. Aven 14, 15 , F. Bailleul 16 , A. M. M. Baylis 17, 18 , M. L. Berumen 9 , C. D. Braun 19, 20 , J. Burns 21 , M. J. Caley 22, 23 , R. Campbell 24 , R. H. Carmichael 14, 15 , E. Clua 25 , L. D. Einoder 16, 26 , Ari Friedlaender 10 , M. E. Goebel 27 , S. D. Goldsworthy 16 , C. Guinet 28 , J. Gunn 13 , D. Hamer 16, 29 , N. Hammerschlag 30 , M. Hammill 31 , L. A. Hückstädt 10 , N. E. Humphries 6 , M.-A. Lea 5, 32 , A. Lowther 16, 33 , A. Mackay 16 , E. McHuron 10 , J. McKenzie 16, 34 , L. McLeay 16 , C. R. McMahon 4, 5, 35 , K. Mengersen 22, 23 , M. M. C. Muelbert 5, 36 , A. M. Pagano 37 , B. Page 16, 38 , N. Queiroz 6, 39 , P. W. Robinson 10 , S. A. Shaffer 40 , M. Shivji 41 , G. B. Skomal 42 , S. R. Thorrold 20 , S. Villegas-Amtmann 10 , M. Weise 43 , R. Wells 44 , B. Wetherbee 45 , A. Wiebkin 16, 38 , B. Wienecke 45 , M. Thums 11
Affiliation  

The extent of increasing anthropogenic impacts on large marine vertebrates partly depends on the animals’ movement patterns. Effective conservation requires identification of the key drivers of movement including intrinsic properties and extrinsic constraints associated with the dynamic nature of the environments the animals inhabit. However, the relative importance of intrinsic versus extrinsic factors remains elusive. We analyze a global dataset of ∼2.8 million locations from >2,600 tracked individuals across 50 marine vertebrates evolutionarily separated by millions of years and using different locomotion modes (fly, swim, walk/paddle). Strikingly, movement patterns show a remarkable convergence, being strongly conserved across species and independent of body length and mass, despite these traits ranging over 10 orders of magnitude among the species studied. This represents a fundamental difference between marine and terrestrial vertebrates not previously identified, likely linked to the reduced costs of locomotion in water. Movement patterns were primarily explained by the interaction between species-specific traits and the habitat(s) they move through, resulting in complex movement patterns when moving close to coasts compared with more predictable patterns when moving in open oceans. This distinct difference may be associated with greater complexity within coastal microhabitats, highlighting a critical role of preferred habitat in shaping marine vertebrate global movements. Efforts to develop understanding of the characteristics of vertebrate movement should consider the habitat(s) through which they move to identify how movement patterns will alter with forecasted severe ocean changes, such as reduced Arctic sea ice cover, sea level rise, and declining oxygen content.



中文翻译:

沿海和远洋中海洋大型动物运动模式的趋同[生态]

对大型海洋脊椎动物的人为影响增加的程度部分取决于动物的运动方式。有效的保护需要确定运动的主要驱动力,包括与动物所处环境的动态性质相关的内在属性和外在约束。但是,内在因素与外在因素的相对重要性仍然难以捉摸。我们分析了全球50个海洋脊椎动物中约280万个地点的数据集,这些地点来自2,600个被跟踪个体,这些脊椎动物分别进化了数百万年,并使用了不同的运动模式(飞行,游泳,步行/划桨)。令人惊讶的是,运动模式表现出了显着的收敛性,在各个物种中都得到了强烈的保守,并且与体长和质量无关 尽管这些特征在所研究的物种中范围超过10个数量级。这代表了先前未发现的海洋和陆地脊椎动物之间的根本差异,这可能与水中运动的成本降低有关。运动模式主要是通过特定物种特征与它们所穿过的栖息地之间的相互作用来解释的,与在公海移动时相比,在靠近海岸时会导致复杂的运动模式。这种明显的差异可能与沿海微生境内更大的复杂性有关,突显了首选生境在塑造海洋脊椎动物全球运动中的关键作用。

更新日期:2018-03-21
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