The dramatic spread and diversity of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has significantly reduced the efficacy of essentially all antibiotic classes, bringing us ever closer to a postantibiotic era. Exacerbating this issue, our understanding of the multiscale physiological impact of antimicrobial challenge on bacterial pathogens remains incomplete. Concerns over resistance and the need for new antibiotics have motivated the collection of omics measurements to provide systems-level insights into antimicrobial stress responses for nearly 20 years. Although technological advances have markedly improved the types and resolution of such measurements, continued development of mathematical frameworks aimed at providing a predictive understanding of complex antimicrobial-associated phenotypes is critical to maximize the utility of multiscale data. Here we highlight recent efforts utilizing systems biology to enhance our knowledge of antimicrobial stress physiology. We provide a brief historical perspective of antibiotic-focused omics measurements, highlight new measurement discoveries and trends, discuss examples and opportunities for integrating measurements with mathematical models, and describe future challenges for the field.

抗生素抗性病原体的广泛传播和多样性已大大降低了所有抗生素类别的功效，使我们更接近抗生素时代。加剧该问题的是，我们对抗菌素挑战对细菌病原体的多方面生理影响的理解仍然不完整。对耐药性的担忧和对新抗生素的需求促使了组学测量的收集，以提供近20年的系统级洞察力，以了解抗菌素对压力的反应。尽管技术进步显着改善了此类测量的类型和分辨率，但旨在提供对复杂的抗菌相关表型的预测性理解的数学框架的不断发展对于最大化多尺度数据的实用性至关重要。在这里，我们重点介绍利用系统生物学来增强我们对抗微生物应激生理的知识的最新努力。我们提供了以抗生素为重点的组学测量的简要历史观点，重点介绍了新的测量发现和趋势，讨论了将测量与数学模型集成在一起的示例和机会，并描述了该领域的未来挑战。