The aim of this study was to examine the effect of chromium(III) and iron(III) and molybdenum(III) and nickel(II) and their combinations on cyto-, genotoxicity and mutagenicity in BALB/3T3 and HepG2 cells.

The results obtained from cytotoxicity assays indicate that there are differences between BALB/3T3 and HepG2 cell lines in their sensitivity to chromium chloride, iron chloride, molybdenum trioxide and nickel chloride. The statistically significant increase of DNA damage of all used microelements in both cell lines was observed. The micronucleus assay performed with the use of all concentrations shows statistically significant induction of chromosomal aberrations in all tested microelements in both cell lines. Moreover, treated cells display characteristic apoptosis in comparison to control cells. In all tested microelements, the increase of number of reverse mutations was observed with and without metabolic activation.

Additions of Cr(III) at 200 μM plus Fe(III) at 1000 μM showed synergistic effect in decrease of cell viability and increase of comets, micronuclei and number of revertants in both cell lines. In case of Cr(III) at 200 μM plus Mo(III) at 1000 μM, a protective effect of chromium against molybdenum at 1000 μM toxicity in both cell lines (assessed by MTT, LDH and NRU, comet, micronucleus and Ames assays) was observed. The protective effect of Cr(III) in decrease of cell viability was observed in pair of Cr(III) at 200 μM and Ni(II) at 1000 μM in BALB/3T3 and HepG2 cell lines assessed by MTT, LDH and NRU, comet, micronucleus and Ames assays.

这项研究的目的是检查铬（III），铁（III），钼（III）和镍（II）及其组合对BALB / 3T3和HepG2细胞的细胞，遗传毒性和致突变性的影响。

从细胞毒性试验获得的结果表明，BALB / 3T3和HepG2细胞系对氯化铬，氯化铁，三氧化钼和氯化镍的敏感性存在差异。观察到两种细胞系中所有使用的微量元素的DNA损伤的统计学显着增加。使用所有浓度进行的微核分析显示，两种细胞系中所有测试的微元素均具有统计学上显着的染色体畸变诱导。此外，与对照细胞相比，处理过的细胞显示出特征性的细胞凋亡。在所有测试的微量元素中，在有和没有代谢激活的情况下，观察到反向突变数量的增加。

添加200μM的Cr（III）和1000μM的Fe（III）在两种细胞系中均表现出协同作用，可降低细胞活力，并增加彗星，微核和还原剂的数量。在200μM的Cr（III）和1000μM的Mo（III）的情况下，铬对两种细胞系中1000μM毒性的钼的保护作用（通过MTT，LDH和NRU，彗星，微核和Ames分析评估）被观测到。在MTT，LDH和NRU彗星评估的BALB / 3T3和HepG2细胞系中，在200μM的Cr（III）和1000μM的Ni（II）对中观察到了Cr（III）对细胞活力降低的保护作用。 ，微核和Ames分析。